American History H: 1St Quarter Exam - Chapter 3

Front 1

The name given to Puritan churches

Back 1

Meetinghouse

Front 2

Credit slips used by New England and English merchants

Back 2

Bills of Exchange

Front 3

Skilled workers who manufactured various goods

Back 3

Artisans

Front 4

A three-way trade established by New England merchants

Back 4

Triangular Trade

Front 5

The wealthy landowners in the South

Back 5

Gentry

Front 6

Crop grown primarily for market

Back 6

Cash Crop

Front 7

Person who agreed to work for an employer in the colonies in exchange for passage to America

Back 7

Indentured Servant

Front 8

Large commercial estates where many workers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowners

Back 8

Plantations

Front 9

System of farming in which farmers produce only enough crops to feed themselves and their families

Back 9

Subsistence Farming

Front 10

A set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people

Back 10

Slave Code

Front 11

A movement that challenged the authority of the church in science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reason

Back 11

Enlightenment

Front 12

A movement that stressed an individual’s devoutness and an emotional union with God

Back 12

Pietism

Front 13

A Puritan leader who helped inoculate Bostonians against smallpox

Back 13

Cotton Mather

Front 14

A religious movement that stressed dependence on God and gained appeal among farmers, workers, and enslaved people

Back 14

Great Awakening

Front 15

A set of ideas about the world economy and how it works

Back 15

Mercantilism

Front 16

An emphasis on logic and reasoning

Back 16

Rationalism

Front 17

One of the earliest and most influential Enlightenment writers

Back 17

John Locke

Front 18

Political philosopher who believed in separation of powers in government

Back 18

Montesquieu

Front 19

Large public meetings for preaching and prayer

Back 19

Revivals

Front 20

The bloodless change of power that occurred in England when William and Mary became the monarchs

Back 20

Glorious Revolution

Front 21

In the early 1700’s the size of plantations began to increase as wealthier planters in Virginia and Maryland switched from using indentured servants to this type of labor

Back 21

Slave Labor; Enslaved Africans

Front 22

Bacon’s Rebellion convinced many wealthy planters that the best way to keep Virginian society stable was to have land available in this location

Back 22

Backcountry

Front 23

What was used to power New England sawmills?

Back 23

Waterfalls

Front 24

To Puritans, “Holy Watching” meant watching over this for your neighbor?

Back 24

Watching over your neighbor's behavior

Front 25

These people were at the top of colonial New England’s urban society

Back 25

Wealthy merchants

Front 26

Enlightenment thinkers emphasized these two things.

Back 26

Logic and Reasoning

Front 27

Africans were welcome at revivals sponsored by this religious group

Back 27

Baptists

Front 28

What did the Virginia slave code did regulate?

Back 28

Slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people

Front 29

The rise of trade in New England led to a rise in this

Back 29

Cities along the coast

Front 30

Mercantilists believed that to become wealthy and powerful, a country had to accumulate this

Back 30

Gold and Silver

Front 31

Philosopher John Locke asserted that all people were born with certain natural rights, including the right to these three things

Back 31

Life, Liberty, and Property (poverty)

Front 32

What did ministers call the religious gatherings held during the Great Awaking?

Back 32

Revivals

Front 33

Many Southern backcountry farmers practiced this type of farming, growing only enough crops to feed their own families

Back 33

Subsistence Farming

Front 34

In the colonial period, this was a shallow region off the Northeast coast of New England, teemed with fish

Back 34

Grand Banks

Front 35

The movement of enslaved Africans to America became known as this

Back 35

Middle Passage

Front 36

King James II offended many people in England by openly practicing this religion

Back 36

Catholicism

Front 37

Reverend Cotton Mather, drawing on the knowledge of enslaved Africans, instructed a physician in a new method for inoculating people against this disease

Back 37

Small Pox

Front 38

This crop was grown and used to make blue dye for cloth

Back 38

Indigo

Front 39

This crop required intensive manual labor to grow

Back 39

Tobacco

Front 40

Enslaved Africans were brought to South Carolina to cultivate a new type of this crop.

Back 40

Rice

Front 41

A subsistence crop for farmers of New England and the Southern backcountry

Back 41

Corn

Front 42

This crop was dried to feed livestock during the New England winters

Back 42

Apples

Front 43

This industry brought prosperity to New England

Back 43

Whaling; Fishing

Front 44

This fish (mammal) was used to make candles, perfume, and buttons

Back 44

Whales

Front 45

The main cash crop of the Middle Colonies

Back 45

Wheat