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195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who controlled the overland routes to Asia? |
Muslims |
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What country first discovered a sea route to Asia? |
Portugal |
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What was the most important legacy of the Protestant Reformation? |
The emphasis onthe authority of Scripture. |
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Why did the Protestants go to the New World? |
To escape persecution as a result of theReformation. |
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Which country dominated New World exploration in the sixteenth century? |
Spain |
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Why did Indian population drop dramatically? |
Primarily because of disease fromEuropean settlers. |
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What was the first permanent English settlement in America named? |
Jamestown |
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What does the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers is the doctrine that says...? |
...that says every believer can pray to God directly. |
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Who was the “pioneer” of the Protestant Reformation? |
Martin Luther of Germany |
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Who was an Aztec emperor? |
Montezuma |
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Who journeyed to China during the rule of Kublai Khan? |
Marco Polo |
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Who was the first modern European to reach the Western Hemisphere? |
Christopher Columbus |
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Who was the first European to sail to India? |
Vasco de Gama |
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Who was the first to round the southern cape of Africa? |
Bartholomeu Dias |
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Who discovered Newfoundland for the English? |
John Cabot |
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Who circumnavigated the globe? |
Ferdinand Magellan |
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Who helped Jamestown to survive with discipline? |
John Smith |
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Why did settlers come to America? |
For religious freedom, land, and riches. |
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What was the major differences between Pilgrims and Puritans? |
Over staying in the Anglican church. |
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What was the primary motivation for the settlement of Massachusetts? |
Religious freedom |
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The Puritan attitude toward the Anglican church was that they wanted to... |
...to stay inthe church and improve it. |
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Why was Connecticut different from Massachusetts? |
Because it did not require church membership for voting. |
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Which state was a haven for religious dissenters? |
Rhode Island |
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Before the English came, New Jersey was settled by...? |
The Swedes and Dutch. |
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What was the first self-governing assembly in America? |
The House of Burgesses |
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Who found a refuge in Maryland? |
Roman Catholics |
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Why was Georgia settled? |
To protect the colonies from Spain and as a place for prisoners to be sent. |
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A charter colony was governed by...? |
...a trade company or business. |
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Who led a small group of Pilgrims to Plymouth on the Mayflower? |
William Bradford |
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The Mayflower Compact was signed by the Pilgrims when they first arrived as a...? |
....a document of self-government. |
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What state was the Quakers “Holy Experiment”? |
Pennsylvania |
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A royal colony was controlled...? |
...directly by the king. |
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What was the first written constitution in America? |
Fundamentals Orders of Connecticut |
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Antinomianism is the belief that...? |
...obedience is not necessary for a proper relationship with God. |
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Who was banished from Massachusetts for believing in the separation of church and state? |
Roger Williams |
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Who was expelled from Massachusetts for Antinomianism? |
Anne Hutchinson |
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Who explored the New York region? |
Henry Hudson |
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Who undertook the “Holy Experiment"? |
William Penn |
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The two largest non-English groups in America were the...? |
...Scotch-Irish and Germans. |
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Who took land in the backcountry? |
Scotch-Irish and German settlers |
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The German immigrants who settled in PA were called...? |
...Pennsylvania Dutch |
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Why were Epidemics more common in the 18th century colonies? |
Because of crowded cities. |
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The “colonial style” of architecture was borrowed from where? |
Tudor England. |
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What was an important native American food? |
Corn |
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Why did Puritans emphasize education? |
Primarily because they wanted children to study the Bible. |
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In education, why did the Middle Colonies and the South lag behind New England? |
Because the population was scattered in rural areas. |
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Who used inoculations against smallpox. |
Cotton Mather |
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What was the first city to have a public library in America called? |
Charleston, S.C. |
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____________________ provided the best access to the backcountry. |
The Great Philadelphia Wagon Road |
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What was the standard text in the colonial period? |
The New England Primer |
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Poor Richard’s Almanac was written by whom? |
Benjamin Franklin. |
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What was the most influential religious movement in colonial America? |
Puritanism |
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Puritans became known as _______________. |
Congregationalists |
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What is a summary of doctrine in question-and-answer form? |
Catechism |
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Who wanted to remove old ceremonies from the Church of England? |
Puritans |
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Episcopal polity is the rule by...? |
bishops who appoint lower officials. |
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Who believed that believers should leave the Church of England altogether? |
Separatists |
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Who were Low church Anglicans? |
A doctrinally sound group that wanted to keep the old ceremonies of the Church of England. |
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High church Anglicans believed... |
...the traditions of the Church were divinely ordained. |
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Presbyterian polity is the rule by...? |
elders elected from among the people, who in turn elect higher officials. |
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What is complete political independence for each church? |
Congregational polity |
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The Half-Way Covenant allowed for...? |
...the baptism of children of unconverted parents. |
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Who believed in guidance by “inner light”? |
Quakers |
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Who preached “sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”? |
Jonathan Edwards |
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Who was an outstanding British evangelist during the GreatAwakening? |
George Whitefield |
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What was at the heart of the Louisiana Territory? |
The Mississippi River |
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Why was the French a threat to the 13 colonies? |
Because of their strong alliances with the Indians, the British had difficulty defending scattered settlements, and the failure of the colonies to present a united front. |
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Why did the Iroquois ally with the British? |
Because the Iroquois’ enemy had joined the French. |
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The French and Indian War was a “world war” that brought an end to what? |
French power in the new World. |
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Who commanded a force by that clashed with the French near the Ohio River to start the French and Indian War? |
George Washington |
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Who had stronger Indian allies during the French and Indian War than the British? |
The French |
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What was Britain’s biggest disadvantage during the French andIndian War? |
Lack of colonial unity |
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Why was Franklin’s Albany Plan a failure? |
Because the colonists feared centralized government. |
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Who were the Acadians? |
They were French settlers forced to leave Nova Scotia. |
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What was the British 3-part plan to win the 7 Years’ War? |
To leave fighting in Europe to its ally, Prussia, to use its fleet to isolate the French colonies, and to replace old and incompetent commanders. |
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What was the key campaign of the French and Indian War? |
The capture of Quebec. |
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What brought an end to the French and Indian War? |
The Treaty of Paris |
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What was one of the major reasons that the colonies were taxed after the French andIndian War? |
The reason was that the British needed money to pay for the war. |
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Why dud Nationalism(love of country) grow in the American colonies? |
Because the colonies were isolated from the help of Britain, private ownership of land gave Americans a stake in their society, and the colonies were used to self-government. |
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What was the first successful example of colonial unity? |
the Stamp Act Congress. |
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The French called the territory they claimed along the Mississippi River_________. (Hint: Named after their King Louis) |
Louisiana |
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During the Boston Massacre the British killed how many unarmed Patriots? |
Five unarmed Patriots. |
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Who was the colonial commander who fought the first skirmishof the French and Indian War? |
George Washington |
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Who proposed to unite the colonies against France? |
Benjamin Franklin |
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Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty who could get people fired up? |
Sam Adams |
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______________ is surprise attack by small hidden groups. |
Guerilla warfare |
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What is “’Power of the purse”? |
It's the requirement that salaries, taxes, and expenditures be scrutinized by elected officials. |
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What did the Proclamation Line ban? |
Colonization past the Appalachian Mountains. |
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What was the Stamp Act? |
The British attempt to tax legal and commercial documents in the colonies. |
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What was the Sons of Liberty organization? |
The organization that opposed the tyranny of British rule. |
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What was the Quartering Act? |
The requirement that the colonists help provide for the British Army. |
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What were the Townshend Acts? |
A series of direct taxes on colonial goods like glass. |
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What was the crucial issue behind the War of Independence? |
Practical self-government. |
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What sparked the Coercive Acts? |
The Boston Tea Party |
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What was a major accomplishment of the First Continental Congress? |
To assert the rights of the colonies to govern themselves. |
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What was a major reason thecolonists lost the Battle of Bunker Hill? |
The American soldiers running out of ammunition |
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Who wrote Common Sense and what did it encourage? |
Thomas Paine, encouraged independence from Britain. |
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Who tried to defend New York City and why? |
George Washington, because giving up the city without a fight would damage support for the war. |
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Why was the Saratoga campaign an important victory for the Patriots? |
Because it brought France into the War on the side of the colonists. |
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Who agreed to hand over a fort and has been known for his treasonever since? |
Benedict Arnold |
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“_________" helped the war effort by using guerilla warfare. |
“Swamp Fox” |
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Who were the Loyalists or Tories? |
They were the colonial supporters of the British during the American Revolution. |
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Who was the Virginian Patriot whose speeches supported the war? |
Patrick Henry |
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Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? |
Thomas Jefferson |
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Who was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration ofIndependence and an American negotiator for the Treaty of Paris? |
John Adams |
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Who was the British general who surrendered his army atYorktown? |
Charles Cornwallis |
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What were the first engagements of the American Revolution? |
Lexington and Concord |
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Which fort was an early American success that supplied artillery for theforces around Boston? |
Fort Ticonderoga |
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___________ was a costly British victory outside Boston. |
Bunker Hill |
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______________ was the Continental army’s winter headquarters during the darkwinter of 1777-1778. |
Valley Forge |
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__________ showed a new professionalism to the Continental army. |
Monmouth |
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What is America’s greatest contribution to political thought? |
The Constitution |
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Why did the colonists created a weak confederation? |
Because each colony was jealous of its power and didn’t want to give any up. |
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The Articles of Confederation can be summed up with the words “__________________”. |
Limited government |
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What was the most important accomplishment of the Annapolis Convention? |
The calling of a new convention to remedy the weaknesses of the Confederation |
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Who is considered the “Father of the Constitution”? |
James Madison |
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What state refused to participate in the ConstitutionalConvention and was the last to ratify the Constitution? |
Rhode Island or “Rogue Island” |
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What was the Virginia Plan? |
The bicameral plan supported by large states at the Constitutional Convention. |
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What was the New Jersey Plan? |
The unicameral plan supported by the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention. |
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Who presented the compromise that broke the deadlock overrepresentation in the Constitution? |
Roger Sherman |
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What does the Constitution include? |
Limited government, separation of powers, and checks and balances. |
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In the original Constitution, how were the members of the House of Representatives elected? |
Directly by the people. |
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What is the Preamble? |
The introduction to the Constitution. |
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Define Federalism |
Division of powers between national and state levels ofgovernment. |
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Define Bicameral |
Two house Congress |
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Define Unicameral |
One house Congress |
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What does limited government mean? |
That there are restrictions on the power of a government. |
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Define separation of powers |
Division of government into branches. |
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What do checks and balances do? |
Balance the power between the different branches of government. |
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What does the electoral college do? |
Elects the president based on the votes of the people. |
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Define amendment |
A change or addition to the Constitution. |
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What was the first document to unite the American coloniesunder one government? |
Articles of Confederation |
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______________ was the official recognition of America’s independence. |
Treaty of Paris |
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Ordinance of 1784 proposed by Thomas Jefferson proposed creating 10 = statesin the Northwest, banning slavery in them, and giving away land to settlers. |
. |
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What was the Newburgh Conspiracy? |
An effort by military officers to force Congress to pay their salaries and pensions. |
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What was Shays’ Rebellion? |
An effort by farmers to protect their lands from creditors. |
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What was the Constitutional Convention? |
An effort to solve the weaknesses of the Confederation. |
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What was The Federalist? |
A collection of essays supporting the Constitution. |
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The South accepted assumption of state debts in return for ____________________________________. |
Locating the national capital in the South. |
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What first created debate over constitutionalinterpretation? |
Creation of a national bank |
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What were the main objectives of the first national bank? |
To issue a unified currency and to provide loans to local businesses. |
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Why did the Untied States break the Treaty Alliance with France? |
Because the French had overthrown their old government. |
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What was the main effect of Jay’s Treaty? |
It averted war with Britain. |
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How did the Europeans take advantage of America’s weakness during the 1790s? by raidingAmerican ships. |
By raiding American ships. |
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The United States fought an undeclared war with whom during the 1790s? |
France |
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What did the Alien Acts grant the president? |
Power to expel or imprison immigrants. |
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What did the Sedition Acts grant the president? |
Power to prohibit “treasonous” speech. |
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What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called? |
The Bill of Rights. |
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Who suggested that states have the right to secede when the federalgovernment acts unconstitutionally in the Virginia Resolutions? |
James Madison |
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Who established the nation’s first cabinet? |
George Washington |
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Who was the first head of the Department of State? |
Thomas Jefferson |
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Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? |
Alexander Hamilton |
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Who introduced the amendments that became the Bill of Rights? |
James Madison |
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Who was America’s best-known frontiersman. |
Daniel Boone |
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Who was America’s second president? |
John Adams |
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What is the Cabinet made up of? |
The department heads who advise the president. |
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Loose constructionists allow... |
...great flexibility in interpreting the Constitution |
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Strict constructionists allow... |
...little flexibility in interpreting the Constitution |
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Who did the Republicans support and what did they distrust? |
Supported the common people and distrusted centralized government. |
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What did Federalists support? |
Industry and the rule of property owners |
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What was the Proclamation of Neutrality? |
America’s refusal to take sides in the war between Britain and France. |
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What was “Midnight appointments"? |
An effort to fill the judiciary with Federalists. |
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What did Jeffersonian Republicans strongly support? |
States’ rights. |
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Who was an Indian assistant to Lewis and Clark? |
Sacajawea |
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Why was Tecumseh a threat to the United States? |
Because he attempted to unite the Indian tribes into one nation. |
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At the beginning of the War of 1812, why did America have an advantage? |
Because Britain was involved in the Napoleonic Wars. |
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What happened during the siege of Detroit? |
An American general surrendered his entire force without a fight. |
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What was astounding victory by a makeshift American fleet? |
The Battle of Lake Erie |
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What did the Hartford Convention lead to? |
The death of the Federalist Party. |
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Who was president during the “Era of Good Feelings” |
James Monroe |
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What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty establish? |
A permanent disarmed region on America’s northern border. |
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What does the Monroe Doctrine say? |
No European country can intervene in the Western Hemisphere. |
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What did the Barbary states in North Africa do? |
Raided American ships and demanded high ransoms. |
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In the Battle of New Orleans the Americans won against the British regulars andthe war was already over. |
. |
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The U.S. bought Florida as a result of... |
the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain. |
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Who was the third president of the United States? |
Thomas Jefferson |
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Who was first chief justice of the Supreme Court? |
John Marshall |
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Who was the powerful ruler of France? |
Napoleon Bonaparte |
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Who were the explorers of the Louisiana Territory? |
Lewis and Clark |
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Who was the explorer of the Great Plains? |
Zebulon Pike |
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Who was one of the greatest Indian leaders in North American history? |
Tecumseh |
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Who was the Indian Territory governor who defeated theProphet? |
William Henry Harrison |
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Who was the Indian who attacked whiskey and the white man’s ways? |
The Prophet |
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Who was the president who oversaw the War of 1812? |
James Madison |
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Who was the vice president accused of treason? |
Aaron Burr |
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Who was the “War Hawk” from Kentucky who became speaker of theHouse? |
Henry Clay |
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Who was the author of the national anthem? |
Francis Scott Key |
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What was Judicial review? |
right of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.
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What was delegated powers? |
authority specifically given to the national government by the Constitution. |
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What was impressment? |
the seizure and forcible reenlistment of deserters from the British navy |
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What was Louisiana Purchase? |
transfer of a huge tract of land from France to America |
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What was the Embargo Act? |
the ban of all American trade with the rest of the world
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What was the Non-Intercourse Act? |
an offer to restore trade with the first warring countrythat lifted its trade restrictions |
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What was the Macon’s Bill Number Two? |
an offer to stop trading with the enemy of the country that first lifted its trade restrictions
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What was the Hartford Convention? |
a threat by New England representatives to secede
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