American History Exam 2

Front 1

Articles of Confederation

Back 1

Ratified in 1781, but was not strong enough for a Federal Government. Replaced by Constitution.

Front 2

Robert Morris

Back 2

From 1781 to 1784, he served as the powerful Superintendent of Finance.

Front 3

Land Ordinances: 1784 & 1785

Back 3

Rejected Jefferson’s proposal, but wanted to sell land.

In 1785, wanted to create 3 or 5 states, and sold at public auction.

Front 4

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Back 4

Act by Congress created Northwest territory. (Modern day Ohio) Set precedent to allow government to expand territory.

Front 5

Shays’s Rebellion

Back 5

1787 - Springfield, Western Massachusetts passed laws to collect high taxes, pissed off farmers who rebelled. Showed gov't wasn't strong enough. Led to Constitution.

Front 6

The New Jersey Plan

Back 6

1787 A pan proposed in opposition to the Virginia Plan that sought to create 2 houses of Congress.

Front 7

The Virginia Plan

Back 7

1787 plan proposed by James Madison that opted for population-weighted representation, proposed at the constitutional convention.

Front 8

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Back 8

Madison and Hamilton met in 1787, and hoped to strengthen the government. A whole new government. This was in secrecy.

Front 9

Great Compromise

Back 9

Adopted most of Virginia plan. 3 branches, roughly equal. 2 houses of Congress.

Front 10

Three-Fifths Compromise

Back 10

counted slaves as 3/5ths of people.

Front 11

The Federalist Papers

Back 11

Hamilton, Madison, Jay - wrote a series of essays (85) known as the federalist papers. Swayed New York.

Front 12

George Washington

Back 12

only president elected unanimously.

Front 13

Alexander Hamilton

Back 13

Increase in grain production - Increase in road building. - Increase in banks. More banks.

Wanted bank of United States and to fund the public debt.

Front 14

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 14

Hamilton passed tax on Whiskey, and farmers attacked tax collectors.

Front 15

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Back 15

General Anthony Wayne attacked Indians They signed the treaty of Greenville, and gave Americans most of modern day Ohio.

Front 16

Jays Treaty

Back 16

1795 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war

Front 17

Haitian Revolution

Back 17

Revolution in Haiti, people in power thought it might give slaves in America ideas.

Front 18

XYZ Affair

Back 18

French Official wouldn’t meet with Americans, but sent 3 people known as XYZ.

Front 19

Alien & Sedition Acts

Back 19

A series of acts passed by Federalist Congress to stop criticism. Sedition made it illegal to criticize President or Congress. Congress passed 2 Alien Acts. You had to take a test after 14 years. Secondly, In time of war, President can deport any foreigner.

Front 20

Thomas Jefferson

Back 20

Louisianna Purchase, smaller gov't, and agrarian farmers.

Front 21

Midnight Judges

Back 21

When Adams put a bunch of f*cking federalists in the supreme court. Led to

Judicial Act of 1801 - Reduced size of supreme court.

Front 22

Louisiana Purchase

Back 22

Jefferson purchased it from Napoleon, and sent Luis and Clarke to explore.

Front 23

Impressment

Back 23

British soldiers were capturing Americans and forcing them to join British navy.

Front 24

Barbary Wars

Back 24

Barbary pirates used privateers to attack Americans who wouldn’t pay a tax. Jefferson said f*ck no and sent a naval fleet in to attack.

Front 25

Embargo Act of 1807

Back 25

Jefferson closed all foreign ports. Hurt American economically, and Jefferson lost lots of favor for this.

Front 26

James Madison

Back 26

President after Jefferson, drafted constitution. Helped with federalist papers.

Front 27

William Henry Harrison

Back 27

Died in office early, made people wonder who takes office next.

Front 28

Tecumseh's War

Back 28

War between US and natives. climaxed with William Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

Front 29

Henry Clay

Back 29

Warhawk whoproposed Missouri come in as a slave state. And introduced the 36’ 30 line.

Front 30

War of 1812

Back 30

War between US and British. Cause was British trade restrictions. Resulted in star spangled banner.

Front 31

Hartford Convention

Back 31

meeting in Hartford, Connecticut where federalists expressed dissatisfaction with war of 1812.

Front 32

Era of Good Feelings

Back 32

Term from newspaper, time when Madison was president.

Front 33

Missouri Compromise

Back 33

Henry Clay proposed Missouri come in as a slave state. And introduced the 36’ 30 line.

Front 34

Monroe Doctrine

Back 34

Any time European trying to colonize North America was an enemy of the federal government.

Front 35

Andrew Jackson

Back 35

President in 1829, led Seminole war. Killed the banks.

Front 36

Adams-Onis Treaty

Back 36

a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

Front 37

The “corrupt bargain”

Back 37

When John Quincy Adams become president instead of Andrew Jackson by promising another candidate to become vice president.

Front 38

Spoils system

Back 38

Giving office to political supporters.

Front 39

Nullification

Back 39

State rejecting a law.

Front 40

Black Hawk War

Back 40

War in 1832 between US and black hawk indians.

Front 41

Worcester v. Georgia

Back 41

Stopped Americans form taking Indian's land without gov't approval.

Front 42

Trail of Tears*

Back 42

Andrew Jackson forced natives to march to west of Mississippi river.

Front 43

Seminole Wars

Back 43

General Andrew Jackson attacked natives near florida.

Front 44

Force Bill

Back 44

Allowed president to enforce laws with military.

Front 45

Martin Van Buren

Back 45

Dealt with economic depression.

Front 46

Lowell Mill

Back 46

textile factory that let women work. Challneged gender norms.

Front 47

Panic of 1819

Back 47

Banks were failing, foreclosure was happening. Widespread unemployment.

Front 48

John Deere

Back 48

Invented steel plow.

Front 49

Cyrus McCormick

Back 49

Founded harvesting company.

Front 50

Samuel Morse

Back 50

Invented Morse code, and single write telegraph.

Front 51

Panic of 1837

Back 51

Unemployment went up, economy went to sh*t.

Front 52

“American System”

Back 52

Henry Clay proposed a new way of federalism. Called for roads, private bank, and canals.

Front 53

Free labor

Back 53

Idea that labor results in wealthy distribution.