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66 Cards in this Set
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Declared that all slaves in areas rebelling against the U.S. would be free on Jan. 1, 1863
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Emancipation Proclamation of Abraham Lincoln
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A confederate sympatheizer responsible for assassinating Abraham Lincoln
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John Wilkes Booth
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Expression used by Confederate leaders who complained of the presence of black soldiers after the Civil War
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"painful humiliation"
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Founded in 1881 to teach African Americans trades and professions
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Alabama's Tuskegee Institute
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Founded the American Red Cross
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Clara Barton
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He became commander of all Union forces and used the North's advantages in terms of soldiers and supplies
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Ulysses S. Grant
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He was the commander of the Tennessee army. He moved 100,000 troops out of Tennessee toward Atlanta, Georgia burning and destroying everything along the way.
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General William Sherman
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He was the first Black promoted to Major in the Union Army
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Martin Delany
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In return for Democrat's acceptance of Hayes as president, Republicans agreed not to use military to enforce Reconstruction legislation.
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Compromise of 1877
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Merchants only giving credit to farmers who grew certain crops, most often cotton was an example of this
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crop lien system
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Northern Democrats who opposed the war because they sympathized with the South.
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Copperheads
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Northern Republicans who came south during reconstruction
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carpetbaggers
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On April 12, 1861, this marked the beginning of four bloody years of war
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Fall of Fort Sumpter
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One of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Cost the south any hope of European support
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Battle of Antietam
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One of the skillful military leaders of the confederacy along with Joseph E. Johnston
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General Robert E. Lee
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Passed in January 1864 to abolish slavery
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13th amendment to the Constitution
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Radical Republican from Pennsylvania that believed that land reform could change southern society.
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Thaddeus Stevens
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President of the Confederacy and a strong advocate of slavery and secession
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Jefferson Davis
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Referred to Democrats in the South that moved to win back their states from the Republicans. They used terrorism to win state elections
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Redeemers
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Referred to the fact that the South had only to protect its territory until the Union quit the fight
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defensive war
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Secret terrorist group formed in the 1860s to keep blacks from voting
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Ku Klux Klan
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Secretary of War that was ousted by President Johnson without congressional approval
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Edwin Stanton
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Some southern states passed laws designed to enforce segregation or separation of the races. These laws were referred to as
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Jim Crow Laws
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Southern factory workers eared wages that were much lower than their northern counterparts
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40% below
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Tests supposedly intended to limit the vote to those who could read and write
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literacy tests
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The 1868 Radical Republican choice for presidential candidate
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Ulysses S. Grant
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A Democrat from Tennessee and a former slaveholder, he was ill-suited to the challenge of Reconstruction and became President when Lincoln was assassinated
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Andrew Johnson
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A group within the Republican Party that insisted that African Americans be given the right to vote. They wanted Reconstruction to create a new South where all men would have equal rights
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Radical Republicans
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A political club that brought the views of the Republican Party to the freed slaves and to poor whites
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Urban League
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After this battle, everyone realized that the war would last longer than a few months
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Bull Run
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America's first licensed female doctor
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Elizabeth Blackwell
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Arrangement in which sharecroppers promised their crops to merchants in exchange for supplies
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crop lien system
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Commander at Fort Sumpter who refused to evacuate fort on Beauregard's order
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Major Robert Anderson
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Declared that everyone born in the U.S. was a citizen with full civil rights. Johnson vetoed the bill saying ti would "operate against the white race."
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Described the sentiment of many who felt that many rich people were able to elude the draft by paying a substitute
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Rich man' war and a poor man's fight
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The calling up of people to serve in the military
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draft
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The first group to respond to the army's overwhelming need for medical care
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Catholic nuns
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The term used for the plan to rebuild the rebelling states for for reuniting the nation
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Reconstruction
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These represented the numerical advantage that the North had over the South in terms of people
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22million people living in the North
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These divided the former Confederacy into five military districts to be overseen by Union troops
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Reconstruction Acts of 1867
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These empowered the federal government to combat terrorism with military force and to prosecute suspects
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Enforcement Acts of 1871
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These were taxes imposed on every voter making it difficult for Blacks to vote
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poll taxes
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This battle marked the turning point proving that the confederacy could be defeated
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Battle of Gettysburg
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This called for former confederate states to abolish slavery and for a majority of each state's white males to take a loyalty oath
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Wade Davis Bill
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This offered a full pardon to almost all southerners who would sear allegiance to the US Constitution and accept federal laws on slavery.
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Lincoln's Plan
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This prohibited discrimination by hotels and other businesses serving the public
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Civil Rights Bill of 1875
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This required states to extend equal citizenship to all people "born or naturalized in the Untied States" including the African Americans
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Fourteenth Amendment
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This ruled that "separate but equal" facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Plessy v. Ferguson case of the Supreme Court
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This state was formed when Lincoln asked for 75,000 militiamen
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West Virginia
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This strategy was used to keep the South from importing supplies and exporting cotton
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Naval Blockade
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This war strategy believed it was not enough to fight enemy troops. To win the war, the Union had to strike at the enemy's economic resources
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Total War
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This was Grant's strategy to fight until the South ran out of men, supplies, and will.
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War of Attrition
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Trained his men well but hesitated to send them to battle.
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General McClellan
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Under these laws, African American could not hold meetings unless whites were present
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Black codes
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Under this system the worker agreed to work a parcel of the planter's land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seeds, tools, and a mule
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Sharecropping
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Violence in Memphis, this symbolized the ongoing violence in the South by those that opposed the 14th amendment
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Race riots
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Women suffragists who had opposed ratification of the 15th amendment until all women gained the vote alienating many African American Women from the Women's movement
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Word used to describe the Southern states that left the union
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Confederacy
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Worked to put a stop to lynching and wrote a fiery editorial on the subject.
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Ida B. Wells
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This stated that the right to vote shall not be "denied or abridged...on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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15th Amendment
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This Union General was in command by July, 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg
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General George Mead
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This was designed to aid the millions of southerners, particularly slaves left homeless by the war. The agency distributed food, served as an employment agency and ran hospitals and schools
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The Freedman's Bureau
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This former slave founded the Tuskegee Institute
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Booker T. Washington
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This was the place where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant.
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The Appomatox in 1865
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This regiment was composed of some of the first African American soldiers recruited for the Union Army
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54th Massachusetts Infantry
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Southern whites who supported reconstruction
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scalawags
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