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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors made the American industrial growth possible?
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-natural resources, entrepreneurs, populations (abundant labor supply, capital, technologies (invetions and innovations), and gov't policies.
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How did the gov't. contribute to the building of the transcontinental railroad?
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-by supplying huge loans and land grants
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How did critics of powerful industrialists referred to them?
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-robber barons/ they didn't trust them
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What was the goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
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-to prevent the creation on monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade
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According to the theory of Social Darwinisn, what was the role of the gov't?
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-to not interfere with human competition by attempting ti regulate the economy or cure social ills, such as poverty
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How did the industrial growth affect the distribution of wealth in the U.S.?
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-wealth was concentrated in the hands of few
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What types of laborers did the American Federation of Labor organize?
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-skilled workers
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How did the gov't respond to the Pullman Strike?
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-denied recognition to unions
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What were Thomas Edison's major accomplishments?
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-electrical power, in home electricity, phonograph, the filament in the light bulb ("string")
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How did John D. Rockefeller gain control over much of the oil industry?
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-forming a trust and creating standard oil
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Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth argued that the success of wealthy industrialists...
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... people should be able to make as much money as they want, but after they make it they should give it away.
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During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories because...
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...families needed more income
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The nation's first labir strike was started by...
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...railway workers angered by wage cuts(10 percent)
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What was the intent of "yellow dog contracts" ?
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-workers promised to never join a union or participate in a strike
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Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse competed in what industry?
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-electricity
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Why were industrialists during the age of big business called "captains of industry"?
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-increased supply of goods and created more jobs
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How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry?
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-vertical consolidation
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What tactics did employers use in their attempts to crush labor strikes?
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-injunctions>court orders requiring you to go back to work
-scabs> non union employee -Pinkertons> civilian policemen |
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The strike at Carnegie's plant in Homestead eventually after Henry Frick...
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...was almost assassinated by anarchists
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As a result of the Pullman Strike, how did the gov't treat unions over the next 30 years?
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-denied recognition to unions
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What did the Morrill Land-Grant Act and the Homestead Act have in common?
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-they provided ways for settlers to acquire western lands
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Why did many agreements between Native Americans and the federal government fall apart?
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-they had different concepts of land ownership
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What happened at the Massacre at Wounded Knee?
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-250 men/women/children are murdered by the 7th calvary soldiers and the death of Chief Sitting Bull
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In the west, the combination of big business and new agricultural techniques resulted in...
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...bonanza farms
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What was the major complaint of farmers in the late 1800s?
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-high tariffs on manufactured goods
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The Interstate Commerce Act was passed to...
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...stop companies from giving special rates to powerful customers
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What were the lingering myths about the west?
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-settlers were nearly all white males
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Most African-American Exodusters migrated west to...
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...escape racial violence
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What reason was given by settlers as to why they had a greater right to western lands than the Native Americans?
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-the had different concepts of land ownership
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How did the gov't sought out to change Native Americans?
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-requiring them to farm individual plots
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Describe the platform of the Populists.
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-election of U.S. senators
-single terms for pres. and vice pres - 8hr workday |
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What were the requirements to recieve land under the Homestead Act?
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-21 or head of family
-built a house in 6months to a year -farm the land for 5 yesrs before owning |
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Describe the key positions held by the Republican Party in the Gilded Age.
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-gold standard, higj tariffs, and limits on immigration
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Describe the key positions held by the Democratic Party in the Gilded Age?
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-increased money supply, lower tariffs, and higher farm prices
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What led to gov't regulation of big businesses during the Gilded Age?
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- unfair business practices
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What attracted many Asians to the U.S. in the late 1800s
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-railroad construction
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President Theodore Roosevelt reached the Gentleman's Agreement in 1907, what was its goal?
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-to restrict Japanese immigration
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What were the major results of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs in the late 1800s?
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-rapid expansion or urban areas
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Why did many immigrants support city political machines?
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-it provided them with jobs and helped other immigrants
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What were the shared goals of Prohibitionists and purity crusaders?
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-improving the personal behavior of individuals
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Describe the main goals of the social gospel and settlement movements.
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-improving living conditions for the poor
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During the Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats differed on what major issues?
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-the gold standard and gov't aid to business
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The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to...
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...change the federal work force to appointment based on a merit based on qualifications measured by tests
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During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, immigration laws discriminated most against. ..
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... Asians
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In the 1890s, immigration patterns shifted dramatically, with most immigrants now coming from what areas?
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-southern and eastern European countries
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Why did the U.S. bevome more urban during the late 1800s?
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-farm machines and factory-made foods reduced the need for farm labor
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What was the main objective of the nativists?
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-restrict immigration
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What wsd the objective of settlement houses?
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-organized to provide various services to the poor; such as language classes, childcare, employment assistance, legal aid
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How were Asians regarded by many white Americans?
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-with suspicion and hostility
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What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold?
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-New York City's Democratic Party Boss
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