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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Homestead Act
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Government gave 160 acres of free land to citizens who were the head of a household.
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Bimetallism
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Government was to give gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks.
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Silverites
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People who supported bimetallism.
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Great Plains
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West-Central grassland portion of America.
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Battle of Wounded Knee
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Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans, including children.-- Ended Indian wars.
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Assimilation Policy
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Forced minorities to adopt American traditions, beliefs and culture.
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John D. Rockefeller
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Established Standard Oil Company, which joined competative companies with trusts.
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J.P. Morgan
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Banker who headed U.S. Steel-- the largest company in the world.
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Thomas Alva Edison
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Started worlds first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ. Created first light bulb.
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George M. Pullman
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Built a factory that produced sleepers and other railroad cars. Treated workers very well.
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Created world's first telephone.
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Andrew Carnegie
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Went from very poor to very rich by making his own fortune. Created vertical and horizontal integration.
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Eugene V. Debs
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Founded Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Felt that unions should include skilled and unskilled workers.
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Bessemer Process
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Technique that invloved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities. Created by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly. A cheap and efficient manufacturing process.
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"Lassez Faire" Economics
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An environment in which transactions between private parties are free from state intervention, including restrictive regulations, taxes, tariffs and enforced monopolies.
Means "let us be". |
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Social Darwinism
(Survival of the fittest) |
Only the strongest survive.
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Goals of Labor Unions
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Wanted to improve dangerous, horrible conditions, long hours, and low pay.
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Skyscrapers- Steel making
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First skyscraper was designed by William Le Baron Jenney. Steel was of a lighter weight but still strong so they could build higher.
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Vertical Integration
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Bought out suppliers, in order to control raw materials and transportation systems. Wanted to control steel industry.
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Horizontal Integration
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Bought out competing steel producer. Competative companies were forced to merge, so there was less competition.
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Monopoly
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Total possession or control of the supply or trade in a good or service.
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Gilded Age
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The era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States after the Civil War.
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Immigration "Push" Factors
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Immigrants wanted to escape difficult conditions such as famine, land shortages and prosecution.
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Immigration "Pull" Factors
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Immigrants were lured by the promise of a "better life".
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Ellis Island
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And immigrant inspection station in NY. Mostly inspected European imiigrants.
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Angel Island
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And immigrant inspection station in San Fransisco Bay. Mostly inspected Asian imigrants.
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Americanization Movement
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Designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominant culture.
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Graft
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The illegal use of political influence for personal gain.
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Tammany Hall
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Headed by Boss Tweed. New York City's powerful Democratic Political machine.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Banned entry to all Chinese except student, teachers, merchants and tourists.
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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Authorized a bipartisan civil service commision to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates' performance.
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Patronage/ Spoils System
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The giving of government jobs to people who helped a candidate get elected.
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Thomas Nast
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Made fun of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall with news paper cartoons he drew. Helped arouse pubic outrafe against Tammany Hall's graft.
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Boss Tweed
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William M. Tweed- Head of Tammany Hall.
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Brooklyn Bridge
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One of the worlds largest suspension bridges and a symbol of optomism.
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W.E.B. DuBois
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The first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. Strongly disageed with Washington's gradual approach to equallity. Wanted equallity ASAP.
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Booker T. Washington
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Prominent African American Educator. Believed that racism would end once blacks aquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value in society.
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Poll Tax
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An anual tax that had to be paidbefore quallifying to vote. Many minorities were too poor to afford this.
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Literacy Test
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A test given in some states that people had to pass in order to vote. Blacks were often asked more difficult questions than whites so they would be prevented from voting.
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Grandfather Clause
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State that even if a man failed the literacy test or could not afford to pay the poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if he, his father or his grandfather had been elifible to vote before January 1, 1867.-- this didnt help because before this date, freed slaves didnt have the right to vote so the clause didnt allow them to vote.
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Lynching
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To kill by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial.--mostly done to minorities.
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Segregation
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Laws that separated white and black people in public and private facilities.
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Jim Crow Laws
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another name for segragation laws.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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The supreme court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodatoins was legal and did not violate the 14th amendment. "Separate but equal".
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Muckrakers
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Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century.
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"The Jungle"- Upton Sinclaire
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Showed the sickening conditions of the meetpacking industry, but was supposed to show the human conditions in the stockyards of chicago.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Halted the sale of contaminated foods nad medicines and called for truth in labeling.
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16th Amendment
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Allows the Congress to levy an income tax without basing it on Census results.
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17th Amendment
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Allowed for direct election of U.S. senators by poplular vote.
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18th Amendment
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Prohibitted alcohol- Sale, transport, manufacture and consumption.
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19th Amendment
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Allowed women to vote!
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Theodore Roosevelt
Bully Pulpit |
Used presidency as this so he could influence the news media and shape legislation.
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Theodore Roosevelt
Trustbusting |
Curbed the actions of trusts that he thought were harmful to the public interest.
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.-- still around today.
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Primary Goal of NAACP
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Full equallity among races.
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Social Welfare
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government economic assistance to persons in need.
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Government Reform
Recall |
Allowed voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election.
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Government Reform
Initiative |
A bill originated by the poeple rather than law makers- on the ballot.
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Imperialism
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The policy in whuch stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories.
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Imperialism
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Stronger nations extended their economic political or military power or control over weaker territories.
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William Randolph Hearst
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Journalist who fanned war fever.
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U.S. and Philippines War
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First battle of the war--surprise.
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Monroe doctrine + Roosevelt corollary
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"speak softly and carry a big stick" allowed the u.s. to use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America.
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Open door policy purpose
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Nations are to share trading rights with America.
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U.S.S. Maine
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U.S. ship that mysteriously exploded during Spanish-American war.
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De lome letter
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Letter insulting mckinley that was stolen by America
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The allied powers
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France Britain and Russia
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The central powers
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Germany Austria-Hungary and Italy
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Assasination of archduke Ferdinand
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Heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated and this started the war.
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Neutrality policy- isolationism
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Americans saw no reason to join the war at first because the war didn't threaten American lives or property.
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Alliance system
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Countries banned together to fight other alliances.
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League of nations
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International organization to address diplomatic crises.
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Why were the senators against the league of nations?
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They were suspicious of joint economic and military action against aggression, even though it was voluntary.
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Treaty of Versailles
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Established 9 new nations and shifted other nations' boundaries. Told Germany they couldn't have an army and had to take full blame for starting the war. Germany rejected it.
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Lusitania
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British liner that sank and many Americans died. America turned more against Germany.
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Espionage and sedition acts
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Governtment limited civil liberties by modifying first amendment of freedom of speech. Under these a person could be fined or go to prison for saying anything disloyal about the war effort
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Trench warfare
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Soldiers travelled through trenches, fighting for just yards of land. Bloody and horrific.
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Zimmerman note
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Telegram from Germany to Mexico that the British intercepted. Proposed Mexican-German alliance. This pushed America to join war.
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Selective service act
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Required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service.
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Red scare
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Panic in united states began in 1919 after revolutionaries overthrew czarist regime. Started communist party in America
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Isolationism
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Pulling away from involvement in world affairs.
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Automobile effects
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Paved roads, liberated rural families, fast transport, jobs.
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Urban sprawl
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Workers could live miles away from their jobs so cities expanded.
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Installment plan-credit
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Getting something now that you pay for in small amounts over time.
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Immigration quotas/limits
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Established max number of immigrants allowed to come into America from each country
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