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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Secretary of Commerce for both Harding and Coolidge, elected President in 1928. Served when the Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash
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Herbert Hoover
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US General who used the Army to force the Bonus Army to move from Washington, DC
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Douglas MacArthur
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Visited the Second Bonus March on Washington and remarked on their politeness, soothing fears of the new "radical" Roosevelt administration
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Director of the New Deal's Federal Emergency Relief Administration which provided funds to relief agencies ($5 million in 2 hours)
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Harry Hopkins
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Democratic Presidential candidate in 1932, pledged "New Deal" for America
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Franklin D Roosevelt
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The monetary value of American stocks in October 1929, before the Great Crash
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$87 billion
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Passed in 1933, repealed Prohibition
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21st Amendment
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Years considered to be during the Great Depression
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1929 - 1941
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1930 import tax passed to protect American industry; highest in peacetime history
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff
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The term FDR used for radio brodcasts in which he spoke to inform and reassure Americans
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Fireside Chats
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Name given to FDR's first few months as President, during which he pushed an aggressive program of relief and recovery
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The Hundred Days
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Practice of buying stocks for a fraction of their value and borrowing the rest; one cause of the Great Crash
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Buying "on margin"
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1930's political party with 14000 members (labor organizers and intellectuals), called for radical action for fairer distribution of wealth
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Communists
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Causes of the Depression (5 listed)
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- Inflated stock values caused overspeculation
- Falling prices for farm goods kept farmers from paying off debt - Increased American consumer debt - Overproduction of industrial and agricultural products - Lack of concern for economy by Republican presidents |
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Worst day of the Great Crash (although not the first nor last)
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"Black Tuesday" October 29, 1929
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Drought-induced phenomenon over the Great Plains, especially Kansas; characterized by clouds of dirt blown around
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The Dust Bowl
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Focus of FDR's Second New Deal (1935 - 1938)
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(Relief) Direct relief for ordinary Americans with social welfare benefits and for farmers
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Focus of FDR's First New Deal (1933 - 1935)
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(Reform, Recovery) Restoring the economy to pre-Depression levels, regulation of Wall Street, bank deposit insurance, labor unions; deficit spending paid for all of this
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FDR's proposed but rejected bill to add a Supreme Court Justice for each existing Justice over 70 (1937)
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The Court-Packing Bill
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Event in which 20000 WWI veterants march to Washington, DC because they're not getting pension
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The Bonus Army March (Bonus Expeditionary Force)
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Depression unemployment rates (average and worst)
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Average: 25% unemployed
Worst: 33% unemployed |
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Republican President who died in San Francisco before the end of his first term, succeeded by his VP, Coolidge (1923)
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Warren G. Harding
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In 1921, restricted the immigration from any given country to 3% of its 1910 population
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Emergency Quota Act
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Gangster who made a fortune bootlegging during Prohibition
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Alphonse Capone aka Scarface
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Vastly improved industry, making all products identical
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Mass Production (specifically the assembly line)
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New Deal policy that sent funds to agencies to relieve poverty; basically welfare, run by Harry Hopkins of "Brain Trust"
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration
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New Deal policy that recruited single men 18-25 to work in countryside, building reservoirs, watersheds, dams, parks, forests; only paid $1 a day, but gave free food and board
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Civilian Conservation Corps
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New Deal Policy meant to restore employment by imposing minimum wage and workday limits, but declared unconstitutional
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(NRA) National Industrial Recovery Act
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New Deal organization that built bridges, dams, and low-cost housing, providing jobs
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Public Works Administration
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New Deal policy that paid farmers to take acreage out of production, declared unconstitutional; lead to FDR's Court packing
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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New Deal event; flooded TN River to build dams for hydroelectricity, bought lots of private land under the name of the 5th Amendment
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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New Deal policy meant to regulate Stock Market; prevents buying on margin, falsified information, insider trading
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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New Deal policy that built schools, airports, roads; supported culture and the arts
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Works Progress Administration
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Replaced National Industrial Recovery Act, supporting labor unions and collective bargaining
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Wagner Act
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New Deal policy that created parity, which guaranteed farmers at least the average price of a crop over the past 10 years
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration
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Radicals who thought the New Deal should go further
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Progressives, Socialists
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An economic collapse late in the Depression that was caused by the new Social Security Tax
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Recession of 1937
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The "Three R's" of FDR's New Deal
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Relief, Recovery, Reform
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Two Italian immigrants that were arrested on counts of murder and eventually executed without a fair trial; raised lots of protest
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Scandalous 1920's President who opposed immigration and competition with American industry
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Warren G Harding
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Known for first mass-producing the automobile, making it affordable and commonplace
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Henry Ford
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Girls with a short dress, tight clothes, slim figure, and boyish attitude (1920's fad)
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Flappers
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Popular new music genre in the 1920's, including George Gershwin, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and the Jelly Roll Morton Band
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Jazz
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60%
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Percentage of Americans under the poverty line
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Farmers, industrial workers, african-americans, immigrants
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Groups that struggled in the 1920's
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