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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Greek philosophy on human nature.
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If human beings were made free they would naturally seek to ennoble their lives by striving for greater and greater virtue.
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Greek: four cardinal virtues
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wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice.
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Christian philosophy of human nature (virtues)
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Meekness, patience, humility, long suffering, compassion, love for one's neighbor.
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European Enlightenment view on human nature.
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Humans were motivated primarily by self-interest.
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Self-interest
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Self-interest that high ideals were less reliable than ordinary comforts and advantages.
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Types of Government (4):
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Autocracy
Liberalism Libertarianism Classical Republicanism |
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Autocracy
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Sees people as children in need of a carefully controlled environment provided by government.
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Liberalism
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Sees people in the most favorable light, but institutions or other influences can corrupt them, so government is necessary to protect them from such corruption.
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Libertarianism
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Let people work out good and evil for themselves
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Classical Republicanism
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If people are taught proper moral values, and if this reaching is constantly reinforced, they might be able to govern themselves.
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Founder's Toolbox (7 things)
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Structure
Participation Law Custom and Tradition Moral Sense Founding Myths Leadership |
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State of Nature
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Hypothetical condition assumed to exist in the absence of government where human beings live in "complete" freedom and general equality.
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Social Compact
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The social concept of a group of autonomous individuals living in a state of nature, making a common agreement about the sort of political world they want to live in.
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Corporate Communities
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Settlements for economic purposes. Usually chartered by the crown.
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Puritans
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Wanted to reform the Church of England instead of severing all ties.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Covenant and Corporate Community. John Winthrop. City on a hill idea. Puritans.
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Moral Self-governance
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Each man is responsible for his own actions and those of his family- with an eye on his neighbor as well. Puritan belief.
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Tabula Rasa
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Clean slate or blank slate. Puritans believed that the world was a blank slate.
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Natural Liberty
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Men are free to do what they please without regard for the moral value of their actions.
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Civil Liberty
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John Winthrop. Where men were free to do only that which is good, just, and honest.
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State of Nature (Locke)
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Hypothetical condition of people assuming to exist in the absence of government.
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Points made in the Second Treatise of Government:
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1. In a state of Nature there is no government
2. Men create a social contract. 3. Government's only job is to protect people's natural rights. 4. Government exists by consent of the governed. 5. If government violates the social contract, the people have the right and duty to revolt. |
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Rule of Law (5 parts)
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1. Generality
2. Prospectivity 3. Publicity 4. Consent 5. Due Process |
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Rule of Law: Generality
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Laws must be general and not single out individuals.
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Rule of Law: Prospectivity
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Laws must apply to future action, not past.
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Rule of Law: Publicity
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The laws must be both known and certain. Must be well publicized.
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Rule of Law: Consent
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The laws must be generally acceptable to those who must live by them.
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Rule of Law: Due Process
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The laws must be administered impartially. If two people committed the same crime they can't have different sentences.
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Mercantilism
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The idea that the government should regulate the economy to strengthen national power.
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Navigation Acts
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All trade had to go through British or colonial merchants and be shipped in British or colonial ships with the end goal to generate large exports from England so that gold and silver would flow into the motherland.
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The Role of Government in a Market Economy (5):
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1. Prevent Coercion and Fraud
2. Provide Money 3. Provide Basic Transportation and Communication 4. Define Property Rights 5. Enforce the Exchange Agreements |
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Laissez-faire
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Policy in which there is little or no interference with exchange, trade, or market prices by the government. Smith advocated it.
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Adam Smith
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Economist. Wealth of Nations. Thought that government should not interfere with exchange, trade or market prices. Economy worked best when individuals were left free to pursue their own interests and competition.
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Tea Act
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Legislation passed by the British government in 1773 designed to give the British East India Company a monopoly on tea in the colonies, the Act led to the infamous Boston Tea Party.
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Constitution: Article I
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House of Representatives, Senate, and the Legislature
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Constitution: Article II
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Executive branch.
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Constitution: Article III
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Judicial power. Treason, Impeachments, etc.
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Constitution: Article IV
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New states being admitted, State power.
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Constitution: Article V
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Making amendments to the Constitution. (2/3 of both Houses)
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Constitution: VI
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guarantees that the United States under the Constitution would assume all debts and contracts entered into by the United States under the Articles of Confederation. It sets the Constitution and all laws and treaties of the United States to be the supreme law of the country. Finally, it requires all officers of the United States and of the states to swear an oath of allegiance to the United States and the Constitution when taking office.
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Constitution: Article VII
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Details how this is going to be accepted. 9 states to ratify it.
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Amendments: 1
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Freedom of religion, speech, the press, right to assemble, and to petition the Government.
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Amendments: 2
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Right to bear arms.
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Amendments: 3
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No quartering in time of war without consent of the owner.
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Amendments: 4
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No unreasonable searches and seizures, Warrants to be issued by probable cause.
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Amendments: 5
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Capital punishment unless with a Grand Jury. Due process of law. Private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation.
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Amendments: 6
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Right to a speedy and public trial with impartial jury. Be informed of nature and cause of the accusation, confronted with the witnesses against him, to be able to have witnesses in his favor, and to have lawyer for his defense.
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Amendments: 7
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Common law.
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Amendments: 8
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Excessive bail, nor excessive fines, nor cruel and unusual punishments.
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Amendments: 9
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Rights shall not be denied.
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Amendments: 10
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Powers not in the Constitution go to the states.
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Amendment: 13
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1865. No slavery.
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Amendment: 15
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1870. Voting for African Americans.
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Amendment: 19
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1920. Women can vote.
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Amendment: 24
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1964. No poll taxes.
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Amendment: 25
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1967. Vice President becomes President if President dies.
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Amendment: 26
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1971. 18 year olds can vote now.
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Federalist Paper No. 10
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Badness of factions.
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Federalist Paper No. 51
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Separate branches of government.
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Market Weaknesses (6):
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1. Imperfect Information
2. Monopoly 3. Public Goods 4. Externalities 5. Economic Instability or Recession 6. Economic Injustice |
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Imperfect Information
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Exchanges are made that are not beneficial because they are not based on good information.
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Monopoly
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Restricts competition. Cartels gather together to act like a monopoly.
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Public Goods
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(Like a military). Something everyone wants/ needs but does not want to provide.
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Externalities
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Cell phone.
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Economic Injustice
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Should money be taken from the rich to give to the poor?
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Dred Scott Case
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Dred Scott v Sanford determined that slaves were property and could not be freed by state laws.
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