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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are nations usually defined?
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Territory
Language Religion Ethnicity |
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How is America defined?
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-economic abundance: usu. constant, an expectation/aspiration for those who haven't experienced it
-buying into American political creed: equality, rights |
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Maryland
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Lord Baltimore;haven for Catholics, Protestant servants come; religious civil war
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Pennsylvania
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William Penn, Quaker; religious toleration for Christians, still lack of unity/brotherhood
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Great Awakening
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series of revivals; emotional, unlearned style; charismatic preachers: Edwards, Whitefield
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Great Awakening's impact
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evangelicals persecuted; set stage for opposing civil and religious authority's alliance; evangelicals became architects for religous freedom
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Enlightenment
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18th century philosophical movement; John Locke; influenced relig., edu., science, art, philos.; Constitution
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Core Enlightenment Precepts
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-faith in reason
-ancient civilizations=guide -human nature=basically good -irrational/corrupt institutions = reason for men's follies -new, rational institutions would free human spirit of constraints of old -orderly, gradual reform |
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Enlightenment and Religion
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-philosophers=anticlerical
-state church held ppl. down -not atheists, but Deists ("Clockmaker God"- set mechanism in motion, then sit back and let it run, ex.: stars= orderly mechanism, rational laws, predictable) |
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Age of Reason
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Tom Paine
-anti Bible ("word of a demon") -monotheistic -discover god through reason |
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Human Predicament
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Tyranny--Revolution--Anarchy(chaos)--Competing Groups--Tyranny again
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Good Society
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escapes Human Predicament
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Autocracy
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dictatorship; ppl. are like children and must be controlled by the state
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Classical Republicanism
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humans are corrupt, but are corruptible; the right constitution will bring out the best in ppl.
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Libertarianism
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idea of indiv. freedom; both good and bad ppl. exist, gov't should secure rights of idividuals
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Liberalism
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ppl. inherently good, but corrupted by environment (poverty, greed, etc...; gov't used to correct societal ills
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Checks and Balances enforce:
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Virtue
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Tenets of Republicanism
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Liberty and Power in eternal struggle; power needs no protection, but liberty does
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British Constitution/ Government set-up
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The One (the crown)--The Nobility (the House of Lords)-- The People (the House of Commons)
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Proclamations Line
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colonists couldn't settle across line without permission; evidence of power overwhelming liberty; land=power, land=independence(American Dream)
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French and Indian War
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Eng. vs. France (and native American allies); England won; Treaty of Paris; costly,debt, world war
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Stamp Act
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taxes every official paper; Stamp tax collectors sent from England=placemen paying patronage to king Gge.; No Taxation Without Representation!; Stamp Act meant to be a small precedent for further taxes; England repeals while issuing Declaratory Act
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Declaratory Act
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Parliament has right to tax and bind colonists
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Republican view vs. British POV
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Ex: Colonists; Parliament=oppressive
British; Parliament=Liberty |
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Boston Massacre
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triggered by fear of standing army ("regulars"); 1770
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Second Treatise of Gov't
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John Locke; THE SOCIAL COMPACT
-state of nature: ppl. naturally free, no gov't, hypothetical -gov't formed by ppl.(social compact) -gov't's purpose: protect rights of ppl. -consent of the governed (not divine mandate) -right to alter or abolish (formed by ppl. so abolished/changed by ppl.) |
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Social Compact influenced
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Declaration of Independence
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American Revolution=radical b/c:
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-its ideas
-its length and disruptions |
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Ex. of Slaves caught Contagion of Liberty
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-Charleston Slave March "Liberty! Liberty!"
-Freedom suits in MA (state const. says slavery illegal, by 1790s no slavery in MA) -William Whipple and Prince -revolution made ppl.? slavery |
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Pennsylvania Constitution
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-unicameral legislature
-no property qualificationsn -election every year -assumes ppl. are basically good |
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Common Sense
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-Tom Paine
-important argument for independence -radical argument against idea of monarchy |
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Declaration of Independence
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-attacked King George III
-new political theory -Idea of declaring independence spread |
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Accomlishments of Confederation
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-Congress (but no president)
-Won Revolutionary War -Northwest Ordinance |
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Northwest Ordinance
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-establishes territories, says they will become states
-no official religion; religious toleration -banned slavery in NW territory |
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Limits of Confederation
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-couldn't tax (could request money)
-couldn't negotiate or tax trade (tariff) -couldn't stop state disputs (esp. border disputes) -couldn't defend against enemies |
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Road to Constitution
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-Annapolis Convention (12 men from 5 states; a flop)
-Shay's Rebellion (revealed weakenesses of Confederation) -Philadelphia Convention (55 delegates from 12 states; a success; hoped to rescue America from factions) |
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Shay's Rebellion
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Western Mass. farmers in debt; shut down courts; showed national gov't's helplessness against domestic disorder
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Federalist #10
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Madison; "republican remedy" to republican disease of factions (factions bad b/c can get tyranny of the majority and trample rights of minority) = an extended, diverse republic: factions are solution to factions Ex: no religous civil war in PA because too many factions to organize
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Factions Media example
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President Clinton trying to fix social security: 1100 interest groups, differing interests
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Check on Tyranny of the Majority
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Separation of Powers
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Media Clip demonstrating Tyranny of the Majority
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Sen. Orrin Hatch: Iran Contra Affair; executive branch no making foreign policy with regard to Congress
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Media Clip demonstrating Tyranny of the Majority/Factions
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Botman Case; Jewish girl v. School Choir in Utah (Mormons)
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Constitution: Rule of __?__
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Rule of Law; not rule of tyrant; written constitution restrains gov't officials; called "Supreme Law of the Land"
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Media Clip demonstrating Rule of Will
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BBC production Nazis in Britain; Nazi mad at British woman who wouldn't sell to Nazis; arrogance of rule of force/ will
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Media Clip demonstrating Rule of LAw
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Al Gore steppign down, submits to law as Bush becomes President
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Media Clip demonstrating Rule of LAw
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"A Man for All Seasons", Thomas Moore, cutting down law to get to devil, with what do we then have to protect ourselves from him?
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Media Clip demonstrating Rule of LAw
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Mayor San Francisco issues marriage liscences to gays even though against CA law, state overruled him, revoked liscences
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Rule of Law
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-Generality
-Prospectivity -Publicity -Consent -Due Process (provides predictability) |
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Father of Bill of Rights
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Madison
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Impact of Bill of Rights
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-took away Anti-Fed issue
-appealed to RI and NC -"Cult of Rights" |
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Media Clip on Cult of Rights
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2004 Pres. Election Debates; repetition of word "rights"
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Media Clip on Cult of Rights
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Group lobbies for lobsters' "right" to life
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First-party System
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Democratic-republicans vs. Federalists
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Third-party System
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Democrats vs. Republicans
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1830s-1850s political parties:
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Democrats vs. Whigs
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1st presidential candidate to campaign for self
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William Henry Harrison
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Media Clip on Mob Rule
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Religions, cults, where do you draw the line? Images of religions/cults (incl. "Legacy") and persecutions
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