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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the agent that causes the "classic" hepatozoonosis?
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Hepatozoon canis
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What is the "classic" form of hepatozoonosis?
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-Old world disease
-Mild signs -Leukocytosis |
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What is the agent that causes the "american" hepatozoonosis?
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Hepatozoon americanum
-both types affect dogs |
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What is the distribution of hepatozoon americanum?
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Southeast US
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What are the 2 clinical signs hepatozoonosis caused by hepatozoon americanum?
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-Myositis
-Leukocytosis |
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The epidemiology of american hepatozoonosis is directly related to what? Where is it distributed?
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The vector, the tick amblyomma americanum - found in rural areas
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How is American hepatozoonosis transmitted?
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INGESTION of ticks (Amblyomma americanum)- a coccidia, but still tick-borne disease
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What are the 3 phases in the life cycle of hepatozoon americanum?
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1) Oocysts--> sporocysts
2) Merozoites 3) Ticks -dog eats tick to complete cycle |
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Explain the process of hepatozoon americanum oocysts--> sporocysts.
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Intestine--> lymphatics---> muscle
= intense local infalmmation |
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Where are the hepatozoon americanum merozoites located?
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Lymphatics
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What are the clinical signs of American Hepatozoonosis?
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1) Fever
2) Lethargy 3) Stiff gait 4) Reluctance to walk 5) Will not walk to food -but still has appetite 6) Muscle waist -head 7) Ocular discharge *Muscles are painful so dogs don't want to move |
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What 2 lab abnormalities are seen in animals with American Hepatozoonosis?
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1) Leukocytosis
-can be very severe -artifactual hypoglycemia 2) Increased ALP |
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What is artifactual hypoglycemia like seen with American Hepatozoonosis? How can you prevent this?
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artifactual hypoglycemia: low glucose when you test, its because WBCs are using the glu and there's so many of them that the time it takes to spin the serum the leuko has already decreased so need to collect blood in fluoride which blocks glycolysis so can tell it is the WBC count and Glu will be normal- glu that happen en vitro
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What can be seen on radiographs of an animal with American Hepatozoonosis?
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Periosteal proliferation = pretty diagnostic
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What are 5 methods used to diagnose American Hepatozoonosis?
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1) Blood smear
2) Neutrophilia + periosteal proliferation 3) Muscle biopsy 4) Serology 5) RT-PCR |
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Is serology a very good diagnostic technique for American Hepatozoonosis (i.e. what's the sensitivity and specificity)?
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93% sensitivity
96% specificity -just remember to take prevalence into consideration |
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What are the 2 components of treating American Hepatozoonosis?
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1) Supportive therapy
2) Antiprotozoal |
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What are the 3 components of the supportive therapy needed to treat American Hepatozoonosis?
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1) NSAID (it hurts!)
2) Nutritional support 3) Hydration |
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What are the 2 steps for the antiprotozoal treatment of American Hepatozoonosis? How long do you administer each treatment?
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1) Clincamycin + SMT & TMP + Pyrimethamine
-2 weeks 2) Decoquinate for 2 years following first step of treatment |
