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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The economic system in which the market regulates prices, wages, etc.
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Free Market Economy
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A system that favors private control of business & minimal government regulation
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capitalist
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founder of capitalism
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Adam Smith
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written by Adam Smith
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"Wealth of Nations"
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"Hands off" economy
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"Laissez-Faire"
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Belief or doctrine that a society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason
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Natural Law
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A great intellectual movement of the 17th, 18th, and early 19th cetnuries
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Enlightenment
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a document that is an explanation of how government came into being and how it should work
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Social Contract (ie. a Written document)
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These two men believed in the theory of a social contract
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
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society sets up a government and gives to that government certain responsibilities(powers); If government violates those responsibilities; Man has the right to change that government
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Locke's Social Compact Theory
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"Mob Rule"
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Democracy
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town meeting, House of Burgesses 1619
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Direct Democracy
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Representative
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Indirect Democracy
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A government structure ruling w/ the consent of the governed, by either way
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Republic
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Characteristics of American Democracy:
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1)Popular consent & majority rule
2)Popular sovereignty 3)Individualism 4)Equality 5)Personal Liberty 6)Civil Society |
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An individual's values and beliefs about the purpose & scope of government
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Political Ideology
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Favor extensive government involvement in the economy and the provision of societal servies
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Liberals
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Believe that a government is best that governs least and that big government can only infringe on rights
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Conservatives
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served as the government of the United States from 1781-1789; had no real power and was very decentralized; consisted of a unicameral legislature in which each state had one vote
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Articles of Confederation
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The national constitution gives the national government this power
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"Delegated powers"
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State's retain this type of power
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"Reserved Powers"
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The Father or author of the U.S. Constitution
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James Madison
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(National & state) Kept the states intact, but set up a national government to exercise its own powers and share powers w/ states
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Federalism
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(Big States) Representation set by population
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Virginia Plan
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(Small states) Equal representation for each state
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New Jersey Plan
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combined both plans together
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The Great Compromise
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for the small states
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Senate
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for population
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House of Representatives
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counting of slaves for purposes of representation in the national government
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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Chief executive
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President
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president would be elected by
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Electoral college
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charges brought before a high official
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impeachment
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Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution:
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1) Federalism
2) "Separation of Powers" 3) "Checks and Balances" 4) Supremacy Clause |
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The splitting of powers
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"Separation of Powers"
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government structure that gives each branch of government a degree of oversight or control over the others
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"Checks and Balances"
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the national laws take precedence
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Supremacy clause
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Constitutional Structure:
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Article I) The legislative branch
Article II) The executive branch Article III) The judicial branch Article IV) Relations btwn. state and national govt.; provides for the admission of new states Article V) How to amen/change the constitution Article VI) Supremacy clause: The constitution "Shall be the supreme law of the land" Article VII) Ratification or approval of the constitution |
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forms the bedrock of american political tradition
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preamble
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powers granted to the national congress
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enumerated powers
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supreme court allowances for national govt. conduct
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"Implied Powers"
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Powers to cover anything else
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Elastic clause
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authority of the supreme court to determine the constitutionality of acts of congress
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Judicial review
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favored a strong national govt; wanted the constitution ratified
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federalists
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favored strong state govt., keep the national govt. weak; they were anti-constitutional
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anti-federalists
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85 essays penned by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay; They are the best written defense of the constitution
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The Federalist Papers
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Reasons this procedure for ratification:
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1) democratic intent: Power from the people
2) Avoid state legislatures: They would be losing power |
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wrote An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States
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Charles Beard
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New Hampshire was the 9th state to ratify on June 21, 1788, but on two conditions:
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1) As soon as adopted, a "Bill of Rights" would be attached to it
2) George Washington would be the first President of the U.S. |
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Formal provisions for amending the Constitution:
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Proposal: 1) 2/3rds vote by members in both Houses OR 2) 2/3rds vote by state legislatures calling Congress to call special convention
Ratification: 1) A favorable vote in 3/4ths of state legislatuers OR 2) A favorable vote in specially called ratifying conventions in 3/4ths of the states |
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there were 10 made and they were called the "Bill of Rights"
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Amendments
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the first case to define the relationship btwn. national and state govt.
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McCulloch vs. Maryland
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belief that separate and equally powerful levels of government is best
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Dual Federalism
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the onset of the Great Depression ended dual federalism; the alphabet soup programs of the New Deal increased national govt's power
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Cooperative Federalism
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monies allocated by the national government to states for specific purpose
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categorical grants
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Proposed by then Minority Whip Newt Gingrich by the 1994 Republican
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"Contract w/ America"
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powers that are held by both the states and the federal government
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Concurrent Powers
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United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.
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Commerce Clause
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The distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments.
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Revenue Sharing
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A grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a range of services.
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Block Grants
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A grant-in-aid is money coming from central government for a specific project.
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Grants-In-Aid
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An official order or commission to do something
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mandates
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in recognition of the political realignment both within and beyond the U.S. in favor of his brand of conservatism and his faith in free markets
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"Reagan Revolution"
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