American Government Final

Front 1

The Three Plans

Back 1

Virginia Plan - Strong Central Government
New Jersey Plan - Strong Local Government
Connecticut Plan aka The Great Compromise - Bicameralism - Congress, House of Representatives (population) + Senate (state)

Front 2

Bicameralism

Back 2

Mixed Government, Majority Rule to Pass Legislation

Front 3

Federalists v. Anti-federalists

Back 3

Federalists Supported Constitution and Favored a Strong Central Government. (Washington and Addams)
Anti-Federalists - Opposed Ratification of The Constitution, Opposed policies associated with a strong central government (National Bank) (Alex. Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison) (Pen name: Pubius "The Federalist"

Front 4

Connecticut Compromise

Back 4

Broke the deadlock between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.
Formed the basis of Bicameralism

Front 5

Slavery Compromise

Back 5

The Three-Fifths Compromise permitted slave states to count each slave as 3/5ths a person (vote), thus enhancing these states representation power in the House.
Denied slaves the right to vote.
Slaves were considered Property.

Front 6

Marbury v Madison

Back 6

Judicial Review
Empowered the supreme court to be the authority on what the constitution means.
Statutes contrary to the constitution are considered invalid.

Front 7

Declaration of Independence

Back 7

Main Authors: (The Committee of Five), Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman

Front 8

Federal Judges

Back 8

Elected By the President & Confirmed by Congress
Serve For Life

Front 9

President

Back 9

Elected by the electoral college electors elected by majority vote of the population of a state. The number of delegates depends on the whole population of the state.

Front 10

Congress

Back 10

535 Members
(435 HOUSE) + (100 SENATE)
Members of Congress are Elected by Partisan Primary Elections Every 2 Years.
House Members Serve for 2 YRS
Senate Members Serve for 6 YRS

Front 11

Dred Scott Decision

Back 11

Since Dred Scott was African American, since he was not a citizen, he had no rights to sue.

Front 12

Women's Rights

Back 12

Given the right to vote in 1920 (SENECA FALLS)
First Woman Elected to the Supreme Court: Sandra Day O Connor.

Front 13

Supreme Court Appointees

Back 13

Thurgood Marshall - First African American
Sonia Soto - First Latino American
Woman - First Woman

Front 14

Upon being arrested, which rights are given to you?

Back 14

Miranda Rights

Front 15

Political Socialization

Back 15

Forming Public Opinion of Politics (shaping perception)
Socialize voters into politics (getting them involved)
Done by political parties in order to win elections.

Front 16

Which of the two has Higher Voter Turn Out on Election Day?

Back 16

Democratics

Front 17

During the framing of the Constitution Who were Allowed to Vote

Back 17

White, Male, Property Owners

Front 18

P.A.C

Back 18

Political Action Committees

Front 19

The Five Branches of Govvernment

Back 19

1) Legislative, Executive, Judiciary, Bureaucracies, and the Media

Front 20

Bills Becoming Laws

Back 20

Introduced by Members of Congress or the President to Sub-committees
Advances to Committees After Markup
Advances to The Floor
Advances to the Conference Committee after Revisions
Advances to the President for Signing

Front 21

Franking Piviledge

Back 21

Congressmen pay no postage fees
(even for re-election campaign funding)

Front 22

Which District do We Live In?

Back 22

Central District

Front 23

What are Federal Guidelines?

Back 23

A list of "suggested" sentencing terms depending on Crime, Severity, and Frequency.
Judges used to have to adhere to this list, but now only use it as reference. When it was first used, Judges hated it, it reduced their decision making power.
It may be beneficial to produce equal sentencing for all committing the same crime.

Front 24

Bureaucracies

Back 24

Government/Federal Employees who are usually given the responsibility to enforce bills and laws.

Front 25

Eminent Domain

Back 25

The Government's Right to seize land for the public good; including roads, railroads, and public facilities.

Front 26

California History

Back 26

Europeans Colonized California (1500s)
Colonized by the Spanish Empire as Part of New Spain
Alta California became part of Mexico after Independence Revolution (1821)
America Seized Alta California after the Mexican-American War.
Became a State in 1850.

Front 27

Manifest Destiny

Back 27

President Polk's idea that America should be from Coast to Coast to achieve defense of our borders and to fuel economic growth.

Front 28

Adopting Mexican Citizens

Back 28

The Mexican population who resided in California before the war became US Citizens after the war.

Front 29

California's Legislative System

Back 29

(Mirrors Federal Legislation)
Upper House = State Senate (40 MEMBERS/4YR TERM)
Lower House = State Assembly (80 MEMBERS/2YR TERM)

Front 30

California Funding Cities and Schools

Back 30

From Property Tax and Sales Tax

Front 31

Prop 13

Back 31

Property Tax is rolled back to its' 1976 value.
Property Tax is Frozen to the property's initial value (with no more of an increase of 2%) as long as the property isn't sold.
Once sold, the property is reassessed for new value and tax.

Front 32

Prop 98

Back 32

Annually increases education budget in California
The amount of increase depends on the current economy and number of enrolled students.

Front 33

California's Local Government

Back 33

A Unitary Government System
The Board of Supervisors governs Counties.
The City Council Governs Cities.
Governor = (CEO of the State).

Front 34

Mendez v. Westminster

Back 34

Mexican children were denied access to school based on their heritage.
Orange County was segregated into "white" and "Mexican" schools.
Mendez sues the Westminster School District for equal access (1945)
School District Appealed
US District Court Rules in favor of the Family
Governor Earl Warren signed an executive order banning segregation in California.

Front 35

Brown v. Education

Back 35

US Supreme Court Case that desegregated public schools.
Mendez v Westminster case did not include all ethnicity of children.
Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote the Brown Opinion.