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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the early 1960's how many Americans expressed trust in the government most of the time?
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Three quarters
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By 1994 how many Americans expressed trust in the government most of the time?
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one quarter
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The ability to influence the government is called
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political efficacy
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A citizen is defined as?
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Someone who engages in enlightened political engagement
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Government is the term generally used to describe..
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the formal institutions through which a land and its people are governed.
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Autocracy
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a form of government in which a single individual-a king, queen or dictator-rules
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Oligarchy
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a form of government in which a small group-land-owners, military officers or wealthy merchants-controls most of the government decisions.
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democracy
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A system of rules that permit citizens to play a significant part in the government process, usually through the election of key public officials.
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Constitutional government
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a system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government
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authoritarian government
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a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions.
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totalitarian government
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a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it.
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Conflict among the what, led to the expansion of voting?
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Bourgeoisie
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"who get what, and when and how" is often referred to as what
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politics
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Conflict over the leadership, structure and policies of governments
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politics
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A system of government in which the citizens vote directly on laws and policies is called
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direct democracy
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What is a republic or representative democracy?
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A system of government that gives a regular opportunity to elect the top government officials
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The pattern of struggles among interest is called
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group politics or pluralism
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Political activity that occurs outside the formal channels of government is called
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direct action politics
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At the time of Americas founding what percentage of Americans traced their roots to Europe?
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81%
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By 2006 what amount of Americans where descendants of Europe
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two thirds
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Half of Americans identify themselves as what branch of religion?
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Protestants
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Between what years did the federal government stipulate that only free whites could become naturalized citizens?
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1790-1870
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What act of 1882 outlawed the entry of Chinese laborers to the US?
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The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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When was the Chinese Exclusion Act revered?
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1943
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What was the name of the system designed to limit the number of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe?
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National Origins Quota System
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In 1965 Congress opened the doors to immigration by expanding the number of what?
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Immigrants who could come from Asia and Latin America
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In 2006 Hispanics accounted for what percentage of the population compared to what in 1900?
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15%, 1%
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Shared values, beliefs and attitudes of a nation is called
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political culture
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What are the 3 core political values in the US?
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Liberty, equality and democracy.
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The freedom from government control is called
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Liberty
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George Washington, among many others, doubted the constitution would last how long?
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More than 20 years
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What 3 groups made up the colonial elite?
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The New England merchants, Southern planters and royalists
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What caused the split of the Colonial Elite?
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Changes in tax and trade policies.
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the merchants and planters joined forces to show their opposition of what?
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British goods.
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The colonies declared their independence when?
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July 4, 1776
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The US's first written constitution was called what?
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the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
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The Articles of Confederation called for a strong ? and a weak almost nonexistent ?
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Strong state government
Weak federal government |
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What was the name of the meeting held in 1786 to discuss amending the Articles? How many states attended?
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Annapolis Convention, 5
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What was the name of the rebellion that convinced the propertied class that change was essential for the preservation of the new nation?
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Shay's Rebellion
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What plan proposed a government that would benefit states with large populations?
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The Virginia Plan
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What plan proposed that a government would essentially retain the one-state, one-vote rule, thereby favoring states with small populations?
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The New Jersey Plan
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The Connecticut Plan was also called the what?
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Great Compromise
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What plan proposed a bicameral Congress with one chamber based on population and a second chamber in which each state would have an equal voice?
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The Connecticut plan
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What issue did farmers face that nearly prevented agreement on a common constitution?
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slavery
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The Three-Fifth compromise did what
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accounted 5 slaves to equal 3 people in the census
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what legislature was designed so that only the House of Representatives was directly chosen by the people?
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the bicameral legislature
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What branch of government was designed to be independent of both Congress and the people through the president's indirect selection?
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The Executive branch
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What branch was designed to be independent of the legislative and executive branches to permit the courts the autonomy to make difficult decisions on the basis of law and not politics?
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The Judicial Branch
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How can the Constitution be amended
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by a proposal presented by Congress, approved by two-thirds vote of both chambers or a national convention called by two-thirds of the states and then ratified by three-quarters of the state legislatures.
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Separation of powers, checks and balances, different methods of selection and federalism are used in the Constitution to do what?
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Limits the powers of the government
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The Federalist Papers were written by whom, under the name of what?
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Hamilton, Madison and Jay. "Publius"
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Who did the antifederalists and the federalists fear tyranny from?
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antifederalists- the elite
federalists- the majority |
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Tyranny
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oppressive government that employs cruel and unjust use of power and authority.
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How many proposals have been ratified by the states out of how many?
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27. more than 11,000
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What is the idea of a "living constitution" ?
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The document should change or adjust to new problems and times.
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When did the national government start taking a more prominent role in protecting liberty and promoting equality in our lives?
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After the Great Depression
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A federal system is one in which powers of government are shared by who?
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The national government and state governments.
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What is stated in the Tenth Amendment?
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Any powers not granted to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.
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The powers reserved to the states are generally referred to as the what?
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police powers
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Concurrent Powers
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Authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes.
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What does the "Full faith and credit" provision provide?
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That the civil acts (marriage and divorce) are recognized in other states.
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dual federalism
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the system of government that prevailed in the US from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state government.
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in 1937, the US supreme court used the what to expand the powers of the national government?
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the interstate commerce clause
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in what 1990 case did the Supreme Court revitalize the Tenth Amendment?
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Case of United States v. Lopez
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Who responded to the effects of the Great Depression with the "New Deal"?
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Franklin Roosevelt
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President Nixon's effort to return power back to the states was called what? How was this to be achieved?
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New Federalism. Through the use of block grants and revenue sharing
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President Reagan was the former governor of what state?
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California
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What was the name of the Act, signed by president Clinton, which changed welfare into a block grant?
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Welfare Reform Act
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Shay's rebellion was significant in that it:
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Demonstrated the weakness of government under the Articles of Confederation
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What is the underlying reason for the Bill of Rights?
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Limited Government
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A student council is an example of what type of democracy?
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representative democracy
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The US definition of liberty refers to
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personal and economic freedom
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The national government grants the states more authority over a range of policies, captures the meaning of what concept?
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devolution of authority
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The division of powers and functions between the national government and state government is the definition of
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Federalism
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Federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicinal use, best exemplifies the what?
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doctrine of preemption
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What document helps to limit governmental power over the individual and to place personal liberty beyond the reach of the government?
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The Bill of Rights
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Substantive liberties
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restraints limiting what the government shall have the power to do such as restricting freedom of speech, of religion, or of the press.
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Procedural liberties
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Restraints on how the government can act.
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In Barron v. Baltimore (1833) the supreme court ruled that the Bill of Rights applies only to whom?
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The national government
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selective incorporation
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the process by which different protections in the Bill of Rights were incorporated into the fourteenth Amendment, thus guaranteeing citizens protection from state as well as national government.
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The free exercise clause does what?
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protects an individual's right to believe in whatever religion he or she chooses
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what did the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) set out to do?
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Limit the power of the State and local government to infringe on religious freedom
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The strict scrutiny test is used by the Supreme court in what type of cases?
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racial discrimination cases and other cases involving civil rights
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Due process of law
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the right of every citizen against arbitrary action by the national or state government (protect the rights of the accused)
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The fourth Amendment protects people against what?
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Improper searches and seizures and arrest without probable cause
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what is the Fifth Amendment?
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the right to remain silent, the right to a grand jury and the right not to incriminate themselves during the arrest or trial.
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the "zone of privacy" was created by the combination of what amendments?
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third, fourth, fifth, and ninth
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Protections of citizens from improper government is the definition of
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Civil Liberties
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Which amendment provides for freedom of religion?
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First
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Miranda rights concern what?
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self-incrimination
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The Supreme Court's decision in Roe V. Wade was based on what?
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right to privacy
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What type of government is found in america?
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Constitutional democracy
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What are the two types of democracy?
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Representative/republic and Direct
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Pluralism
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the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government
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Laissez-faire capitalism
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the means of production and distribution were privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference.
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Popular Sovereignty
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a principle in which political authority rests in the hands of the people
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The American Revolution was a result of what?
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Struggle among economic interests and political forces in the colonies
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Who wrote the Declaration of independence?
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Thomas Jefferson
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When and where were the articles of confederation revised?
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May 1787 in Philadelphia
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The Great Compromise consisted of what two branches?
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The house of Representatives and the senate
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The first 10 amendments in the US constitution are known as
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the Bill of Rights
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The anti federalists wrote their opposing views in what book?
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Brutus
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A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments is called?
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Federalism
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