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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Federal System |
system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people |
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Unitary System |
system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government |
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Enumerated Powers |
the powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution |
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Reserved Powers |
powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislation for the public health and welfare of its citizens |
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Concurrent Powers |
powers shared by the national and state government |
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Bill of Attainder |
a law of declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial |
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Ex Post Facto Law |
law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed |
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Full Faith and Credit Clause |
section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state |
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Priveleges and Immunities Clause |
part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states |
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Extradition Clause |
part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial |
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Interstate Compacts |
contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multi-state policy concerns |
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Dillon's Rule |
a premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them |
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) |
the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers |
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Gibbons vs Ogden (1824) |
the Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers |
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Barron vs Baltimore (1833) |
the Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of the Rights to the actions of Congress alone |
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Dual Federalism |
the belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism |
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Nullification |
the right of a state to declare void a federal lawD |
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Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) |
the Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery for the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that of the states. |
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Sixteenth Amendment |
amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax |
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Seventeenth Amendment |
amendment to the Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislators |
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Cooperative Federalism |
the intertwined relationship between the national, state and local governments that began with the New Deal, often referred to as a marble-cake federalism |
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New Deal |
the name given to the progress of "Relief, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933 to bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression |
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Categorical Grant |
grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose |
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New Federalism |
federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980's; its hallmark is returning the administrative powers to the state government |
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Block Grant |
a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only one general spending guideline |
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Programmatic Request |
federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district |
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Preemption |
a concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas |
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Progressive Federalism |
a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative |
