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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Civil Rights |
Generally, all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law. |
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Separate-but-Equal Doctrine |
The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution. |
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White Primary |
A state primary election that restricted voting to whites only. Outlawed by the Supreme Court in 1944. |
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Grandfather Clause |
A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose ancestors had voted before 1867. |
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Poll Tax |
A special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting. The twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966, the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well. |
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Literacy Test |
A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote. |
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De Jure Segregation |
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. |
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De Factor Segregation |
Racial segregation that occurs because of patterns of racial residence and similar social conditions. |
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Civil Disobedience |
A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws. |
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Reverse Discrimination |
Discrimination against individuals who are not members of a minority group. |
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Strict Scrutiny |
A judicial standard for assessing the constitutionality of a law or government action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members of a suspect classification. |
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Suspect Classification |
A classification, such as race, religion, or national origin, that triggers strict scrutiny by the courts when a law or government action potentially discriminates against members of the class. |
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Intermediate, or Exacting, Scrutiny |
A judicial standard used to determine whether a law or government action unconstitutionally discriminates against women. |
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Rational Basis Review |
A judicial standard for assessing a law or government action that is employed when neither strict nor intermediate scrutiny apply. |
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Affirmative Action |
A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination. |
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Hispanic |
Someone who can claim a heritage from a Spanish-speaking country. Hispanics may be of any race. |
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Latino |
An alternative to the term Hispanic that is preferred by many. |
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Suffrage |
The right to vote. |
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Feminism |
The movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women. |
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Gender Discrimination |
Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender. |
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Sexual Harassment |
Unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient's job performance, creates a hostile work environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences. |
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The Separate but equal doctrine was announced by the Supreme Court: |
Plessy v. Ferguson |
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Barriers to African American voting established between the Civil War and the civil rights movement except: |
Property qualifications. |
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Segregation that does not follow from discriminatory laws or government actions, but from other causes, is called: |
de facto segregation. |
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The Fourteenth Amendment requires that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without: |
due process of law |
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The federal courts employ the following standard when evaluating differential treatment by race: |
Strict scrutiny. |
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In educational admissions and employment, affirmative action programs have: |
awarded preferences to minority group members. |
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Currently, the largest number of immigrants in the United States comes from: |
Mexico. |
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The courts have placed serious restrictions on the rights of persons who are: |
subject to deportation. |
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In the years following the European discovery of America, the number of American Indians: |
fell because of the introduction of new diseases. |
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The Equal Rights Amendment Today requires: |
nothing at all, because the Equal Rights Amendment never passed. |
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Sexual harassment in the workplace can involve all except: |
rules that provide unequal pay for women. |
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The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) provided for all of the following except: |
states were not required to recognize divorces obtained in other states. |