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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ordered Government
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Colonists knew orderly regulation was needed; as in England, they created local governments, like townships, assessors counties
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Limited Government
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Government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has certain rights that government cannot take away.
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Representative Government
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Government should serve the will of the people; with it had come a growing insistence that the people should have a voice in deciding what government should and should not do.
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Magna Carta
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-The Great Charter
-A group of determined barons forced King John to sign this at Runnymede in 1215 -The barons were seeking protection against heavy- handed and arbitrary acts by the king -Included such fundamental acts as trial by jury and due process of law -established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute |
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Petition of Right
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-In 1628, when Charles I asked Parliament for more money in taxes, Parliament refused until he signed the Petition of Rights.
-limited the king’s power in several ways -demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by the lawful judgement of his peers, or by the law of the land -insisted that the king not impose martial law (rule by the military) in time of peace, or require homeowners to shelter the king’s troops without their consent |
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English Bill of Rights
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-To prevent abuse of power by William and Mary and all future monarchs, Parliament, in 1689, drew up a list of provisions to which William and Mary had to agree, called the English Bill of Rights.
-prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the consent of Parliament -required all parliamentary elections be free -Included such guarantees as the right to a fair trial, and freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment |
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What were England's colonies described as and why?
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-“13 schools of government”
-The colonies were the settings in which Americans first began to learn the difficult art of government |
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Charter
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-Each Colony was established on the basis of a Charter.
-A written grant of authority from the king |
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Royal
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-A type of colony
-The royal colonies were subject to the direct control of the Crown. A pattern of government gradually emerged for each of the royal colonies. The king named a governor and a council. Royal governors often ruled with a stern hand, following instructions from London. -Ex: NH, MA, NY, NJ, VA, NC, SC, GA |
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The Proprietary
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These colonies were organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had made a grant of land. By charter, the land could be settled and governed much as the proprietor chose. The governments of these colonies were much like those in the royal colonies. But, the governor was appointed by the proprietor, not the king like in the royal colonies.-
-Ex: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware |
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The Charter
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-They were based on charters granted in 1662 and 1663, respectively to the colonists themselves and were largely self- governing. The governors were elected each year by the white, male property owners in each colony.
-Ex: CT, RI |
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Unicameral
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A legislative body with one house
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Bicameral
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A legislative body with two houses
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First Continental Congress
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-Thanks to several taxes implemented by the Parliament (including the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts), the colonists became upset.
-The colonists resented many of Great Britain’s policies and 12 of the 13 colonies formed the First Continental Congress to oppose the British policies. -55 delegates took part in the First Congress They sent a Declaration of Rights to the King, protesting taxes and restrictions. The restrictions were set that each of the colonies would refuse all trade with England – a boycott |
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Second Continental Congress
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-Met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775.
-Each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the Congress -Hancock was chosen president of the Congress -A continental army was created with George Washington as its commander in chief -Became the nation’s first national government -Served as the first government of the U.S. for five years |
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Declaration of Independance
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-proposed by Richard Henry Lee
-The delegates agreed to it on July 2, 1776 -They adopted the Declaration of Independence, proclaiming the existence of the new nation on July 4, 1776 -The 13 colonies became free and independent states |
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Popular Sovereignty
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-government can exist only with the consent of the governed
-The principles are limited government, civil rights and liberties, and separation of powers and checks and balances |
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Stamp Act of 1765
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1765; required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, on certain business agreements, and on newspapers
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Boston Massacre
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On March 5, 1770, British troops in Boston fired on a jeering crowd, killing five
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“Taxation without representation”
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It means that the colonists had objected to taxes imposed on them from far away. This was important to the country because the colonists had not needed to pay so many taxes that were brought upon them from far away which would have been far away.
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“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
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This means that everybody is created equal and that no one should be left out or discriminated against because of their color, race, or religion. Also everybody has equal rights that are given to them when they are born.
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The Second Continental Congress created the “Articles of Confederation.” This established:
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“A firm league of friendship” among the States.
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Governmental Structure
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A Congress was the sole body created. It was unicameral, made up of delegates chosen yearly by the States in whatever way their legislature might direct. Each state had one vote in the Congress, whatever its population or wealth. Each year Congress would choose one of its members as its president. That person would be its presiding officer, but not the president of the U.S. Civil officers such as postmasters were to be appointed by the Congress.
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Powers of Congress
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It could make war and peace; send and receive ambassadors; make treaties; borrow money; set up a money system; establish post offices; build a navy; raise an army by asking the States for troops; fix uniform standards of weights and measures; and settle disputes among the States.
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State Obligations
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The States pledged to obey the Articles and acts of the Congress. They would provide the funds and troops requested by the Congress; treat citizens of other States fairly and equally with their own; and give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. The States agreed to surrender fugitives from justice to one another; submit their disputes to Congress for settlement; and allow open travel and trade between and among the States.
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What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
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Their omissions; the Congress did not have the power to tax; not one State came close to meeting the financial requests made by the Congress; Congress did not have the power to regulate trade between the States; the Congress did not have the power to make the States obey the Articles of Confederation
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Why was this considered a “Critical Period” in the history of the United States?
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Shays’ Rebellion; The States taxed one another’s goods and even banned some trade; they printed their own money, often with little backing; economic chaos spread through the colonies as prices soared and sound credit vanished; debts, public and private, went unpaid; violence broke out in a number of places as a result of economic chaos
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Virginia Plan
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-called for a new gov with three separate branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
-Large population=more representation -Legislature= 2 houses, bicameral -Representation is proportional to population -Based on population, must like house of representatives |
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New Jersey Plan
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-Wanted a unicameral legislature with 2 representatives no matter the population
-3 branches of gov |
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Connecticut Compromise (The Great Compromise)
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-House of representatives based on population
-Senate would have equal representation for all states |
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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-Provided that all “free persons” should be counted, and so, too, should “three-fifths of all other persons.” For the three-fifths won by the Southerners, the northerners exacted a price
-The formula was also to be used in fixing the amount of money to be raised in each State by any direct tax levied by Congress -The southerners could count for their slaves, but they would have to pay for them |
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Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
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-Congress was forbidden the power to tax the export of goods from any State
-Congress was forbidden to act on the slave trade for a period of at least 20 years -It could not interfere with “the migration or importation of such persons as any State now existing to think proper to to admit” except for a small head tax, at least until the year 1808 |
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Federalists
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Favored the ratification; stressed the weaknesses of the Articles; argued that the difficulties facing the republic could be overcome only by a new government based on the proposed Constitution
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Anti-Federalists
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Opposed the ratification; attacked nearly every part of the new document; many objected to the ratification process, to the absence of any mention of God, to the denial to the states of a power to print money, and to many other features of the Framers’ proposals
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What day was the Constitution ratified? (approved)
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On July 21, 1788
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What was important about the vote to make George Washington the nation’s first president?
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He had been elected President by a unanimous vote
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Quorum
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Majority
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