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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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judged to have done something wrong or against the law
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guilty
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judged not to have done something against the law
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innocent
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involving a crime, a breaking of the law
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criminal case
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involving a disagreement over private rights
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civil case
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in civil or criminal cases, the people chosen to decide the case
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jury
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punishment set by a court of law for a crime, such as a jail term or fine
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sentence
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to ask a higher court to review a lower court's decision; appellate means having to do with an appeal
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appeal
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power or authority
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jurisdiction
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to look over; to examine once more
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review
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maintain or support
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uphold
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to throw out or turn over
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overturn
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a written statement giving reasons for a Supreme Court ruling
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majority opinion
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a written statement giving reasons for disagreeing with a Supreme Court ruling
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dissenting opinion
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anything that is run by the government and open to everyone ( such as public schools)
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public
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having to do with the law; acts that are within the law
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legal
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to separate people or groups from each other
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segregate
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91 of the lowest federal courts which try people accused of bank robbery, kidnapping, and breaking tax laws; also hear federal cases involving contract disputes, business relations, or noncriminal cases
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U.S. District Courts
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one of these courts serve each of 11 circuits to hear appeals from District Court rulings; if reviewed a case verdict can be upheld or overturned
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U.S. Court of Appeals
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the final, highest court of appeals which makes the final decision whether a law or an act is unconstitutional; consists of 8 associate justices & a Chief Justice appointed for life.
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U. S. Supreme Court
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the judicial branch of government consisting of district courts, courts of appeals, & the Supreme Court; special courts decide cases involving trade, taxes, & military matters
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Federal Court System
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Two types of Caselaw
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Criminal & Civil
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Three types of Federal Cases
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Constitutional, Federal Laws & multiple state cases
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Supreme Court judges appointed by President & approved by Senate for life terms.
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Justices
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Supreme Court Justice who served longest term (38 yrs. 1939-75)
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William O. Douglas
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use of an earlier ruling to speed up a similar case verdict
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precedent
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Supreme Court ruling that "blacks only" railroad cars did not violate the 14th Amendment as they were "separate but equal"
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Supreme Court ruling that separate schools for African Americans and for whites went against the Constitution. "Separate but Equal" rule has no place in the field of public education
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Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
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Hears financial claims against the U.S. government. A person who sues the government and wins is entitled to collect money.
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United States Claims Court
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Hear cases for people living in U.S. territories (i.e., Guam, Virgin Islands, & Mariana Islands)
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The Territorial Courts
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Hears appeals from members of the armed forces who have been found guilty of military crimes
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The Court of Military Appeals
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Hears noncriminal cases concerning the payment of federal taxes. Settles disputes over the amount of taxes to be paid
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United States Tax Court
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Hears cases involving tariffs and other trade-related issues
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The Court of International Trade
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In WWI Schenck tried to talk thousands of men into resisting the draft. Congress outlawed any speaking out against the U.S. government when it would hurt the nation's security. Justice Holmes upheld the decision saying Congress had a right to protect the country during the dangers of wartime. If a person's words create a "clear and present danger", then Congress has a right to outlaw them. ex. Yelling "Fire" in a crowded theatre when there is no fire.
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Schenck v. United States
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