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93 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Founder of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh
Leader of Roanoke Colony
John White - artist/mapmaker
Roanoke Colony
The first English colony, the first attempt failed, the second attempt Raleigh went back to England, returning to the colony only to find that the settlers had disappeared.
charter
right to organize settlements in an area
Virginia Company
received charter in 1606, sent colonists to Virginia, was a joint-stock company
The three ships the Virginia Company sent over first
Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery
Jamestown
First successful English settlement in Americas, founded by Virginia Company, founded 1607
Reasons Jamestown was a bad location for a colony
Reasons : located in a swamp, mosquitoes in the swamp carried malaria, no good farmland, surrounded by Native American settlements, not a lot of fresh water
Captain John Smith
leader of Jamestown, made all settlers work, made peace with the Powhatans
Lord De La Warr
replaced John Smith, began period of strict rule
John Rolfe
A colonist that learned how to farm tobacco that was less bitter
What cash crop saved the Jamestown colony?
Tobacco
(Question on other side)
Pocahontas
Chief Powhatan's daughter, married John Rolfe
House of Burgesses
First met on July 30, 1629, called by the Virginia Company so that the colonists would be able to represent themselves in government, could make local laws
burgesses
elected representatives
Sir George Yeardley
ended military, allowed the House of Burgesses when he was governor in 1619
When were 100 women sent to the Jamestown Colony?
Women were sent to the Jamestown colony in 1619.
*each man that wanted to marry one of those women had to pay 120 lbs tobacco*
(Question on other side)
When were the first Africans brought to Jamestown?
The first Africans were brought to Jamestown in 1619 by the Dutch(Question on other side)
William Tucker
first free African born in American colonies
Slavery was officially recognized in Jamestown in this year.
In 1661, this was officially recognized in Jamestown.
What happened in 1624?
King James took away the charter for Jamestown from the Virginia Company (they were having financial problems) and made it a royal colony in this year.
dissented
disagreed with the practices and beliefs of the Anglican Church
persecuted
treated harshly
Puritans
Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church.
Separatists
Protestants who wanted to break away from the Anglican Church.
Some fled from England to the Netherlands.
Pilgrims
Spearatists who went to Plymouth on the Mayflower, called this because their journey had a religious purpose.
Often used to refer to all people on the boat, not just Sepeartists
Strangers
people who were not Separatists
Plymouth
explored by Captain Smith in 1614 (then Paxtuxet), where the Pilgrims settled
William Bradford
Pilgrim leader and historian
Mayflower Compact
A formal document in which all on the Mayflower pledged their loyalty to England
Squanto and Samoset
Native Americans who befriended the colonists.
Squanto had been kidnapped by an English sea captain, that was where he learned English
New England Company
formed by a group of Puritans in 1628, got a charter to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop
a well-educated Purtian who was chosen to be the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Boston
city the 1000 Puritan colonists established in 1630, under John Winthrop (he called this place "the city upon a hill")
Great Migration
movement of 15,000 Puritans to Massachusetts
General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
an elected group that led the colony , every adult land-owning male could vote for governor and representatives in this court
toleration
acceptance of other people's beliefs
Hartford
founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
first written constitution in America, described the organization of government in detail
Roger Williams
a minister that felt that people should be free to follow any religious practice, believed it was wrong to take from natives, banished in 1635 from Massachusetts, took refuge with Wampanoag, founded Providence
Rhode Island
founded by Roger Williams when he received a charter in 1644, safe haven for dissenters, and religiously tolerant
John Wheelwright
founded Exeter in 1638 (in New Hampshire, which became a a colony in 1679)
Anne Hutchinson
came to MA in 1634, questioned power of officials, and thought women should have more power. Banished in 1637 and went to Rhode Island
pequot War
War between settlers and Pequots, started in 1637
Metacomet
known to settlers as King Philip, chief of Wampanoag people
King Philip's War
conflict between settlers and Wampanoag, started 1675, lasted about three years until settlers allied with Mohawk and killed Metacomet
King Charles I
beheaded in 1649 for treason
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan who headed movement agains Charles I, led England for a wile, died in 1658
Charles II
Charles I's son, became king 1660, his rule was called the RESTORATION
New Amsterdam
main Dutch settlement New Netherland, located on Manhattan Island, surrendered to English in 1664, renamed New York
patroons
wealthy landowners who acquired riverfront estates, could charge whaterver rents they wanted to farmers and laborers on the estate
Peter Stuyvesant
surrendered New Amsterdam to English
New York
given to Duke of York (used to be called New Amsterdam), was a proprietary colony
proprietary colony
a colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government
New York Growth
In 1664 the colony had about 8,000 inhabitants. By 1683 the colony's population had grown to 12,000 people.
Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
proprietors of New Jersey, hoped to make money off of their colony
New Jersey
given to Berkeley and Carteret by the DUke of York, named after Carteret's birthplace. Had a representative assembly, freedom of religion
New Jersey's Ownership Changes
First, the land was owned by the Duke of York, he gave it to Carteret and Berkeley and they started the colony. when the colony didn't make the profit that the pair hoped it would make, they auctioned off their shares (in 1674 and 1680) and by 1702, the king owned New Jersey
William Penn
wealthy English gentlemen, who received his land in America because the king had to pay off a debt to his father. He was a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania
founded by William Penn, as big as England, founded in 1680, peaceful colony, seen by Penn as a "holy experiment"
Quakers
a Protestant group of dissenters, also called the society of friends, these people were pacifists, tolerant, and believed everyone to be equal
Philadelphia
means "city of brotherly love," started to be built in 1682
Charter of Liberties
granted colonists in PA the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly.
indentured servants
came to America for free in return for a set amount of year's work.
Seven-year passengers
English prisoners and Scottish and Irish prisoners of war who were sent over to the colonies and could earn freedom in about seven years in return for work
Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
a Catholic who wanted to establish a safe place for his fellow Catholics to live. Hoped that a colony would bring him a fortune as well
Maryland
named after Queen Henrietta Maria, first settlement = St. Mary's , larger port settlement = Baltimore, founded by Calvert and his son, safe haven for Catholics
Baltimore
founded 1729, Maryland's largest settlement because of its convenient port
Act of Toleration
a law passed in 1649, which tried to prevent Protestants from overrunning Maryland, granted religious freedom to Catholics and Protestants, failed to ease tension, appealed in 1692
Sir William Berkeley
governor of Virginia, formed agreement with Native Americans in 1644: if you give us this land, we will not invade any further onto your land
Nathaniel Bacon
a wealthy young planter in Virginia, opposed Berkeley, and led an attack on an Indian village in 1676, charged Jamestown, and sent Berkeley into exile
The Carolinas
In two charters issued in 1663 and 1665, given to 8 prominent members of the king's court, settled in 1670,later split into North and South Carolina when disputes of land and ranking occurred in 1729
Charleston
founded 1680, originally called Charles Town, by 1700 half of new arrivers were black
North Carolina
settled mostly by settlers with small farms, relied on Virginia's ports
South Carolina
more prosperous, good harbor, settled by wealthy land owners
Elizabeth Lucas
developed indigo in the 1740s
James Oglethorpe
a general, received charter to create a colony in 1733
Georgia
founded 1733, last of colonies, a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start
RULES : no Catholics, rum or slaves
Changes in Georgia Colony
Oglethorpe changed his original rules, and allowed slavery and rum, in 1751 he handed the colony back to the king
New France
became a royal colony in 1663 under Louis XIV, Quebec = settlement in colony, mainly interested with fur trapping
Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette
a fur trader and priest who explored the Mississippi
Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
claimed Louisiana
New Orleans
founded 1718, at mouth of Mississippi
tenant farmers
settlers who payed their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year.
seigneurs
lords, much like patroons of the Dutch
French and Native American Relationships
The French respected the Native American culture when they attempted to convert them, learned the language, and their colonies grew slowly
Spanish and Native American Relationships
the Spanish often forced the natives to live on the missions and work hard all day long
Santa Fe
founded 1610, in NM
missions
religious settlements established to convert people to a particular faith, enabled Spanish to lay claim to area around it
Junipero Serra
a Franciscan monk who founded 8 missions in 15 years, first one founded in San Diego in 1679
El Camino Real
The King's Highway, connected missions
France and Great Britain
great rivals of the colonial period
Britain and Spain
often, fights broke out between colonists in Georgia and settlers in Florida