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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Founder of Roanoke
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Leader of Roanoke Colony
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John White - artist/mapmaker
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Roanoke Colony
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The first English colony, the first attempt failed, the second attempt Raleigh went back to England, returning to the colony only to find that the settlers had disappeared.
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charter
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right to organize settlements in an area
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Virginia Company
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received charter in 1606, sent colonists to Virginia, was a joint-stock company
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The three ships the Virginia Company sent over first
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Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery
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Jamestown
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First successful English settlement in Americas, founded by Virginia Company, founded 1607
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Reasons Jamestown was a bad location for a colony
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Reasons : located in a swamp, mosquitoes in the swamp carried malaria, no good farmland, surrounded by Native American settlements, not a lot of fresh water
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Captain John Smith
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leader of Jamestown, made all settlers work, made peace with the Powhatans
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Lord De La Warr
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replaced John Smith, began period of strict rule
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John Rolfe
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A colonist that learned how to farm tobacco that was less bitter
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What cash crop saved the Jamestown colony?
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Tobacco
(Question on other side) |
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Pocahontas
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Chief Powhatan's daughter, married John Rolfe
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House of Burgesses
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First met on July 30, 1629, called by the Virginia Company so that the colonists would be able to represent themselves in government, could make local laws
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burgesses
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elected representatives
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Sir George Yeardley
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ended military, allowed the House of Burgesses when he was governor in 1619
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When were 100 women sent to the Jamestown Colony?
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Women were sent to the Jamestown colony in 1619.
*each man that wanted to marry one of those women had to pay 120 lbs tobacco* (Question on other side) |
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When were the first Africans brought to Jamestown?
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The first Africans were brought to Jamestown in 1619 by the Dutch(Question on other side)
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William Tucker
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first free African born in American colonies
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Slavery was officially recognized in Jamestown in this year.
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In 1661, this was officially recognized in Jamestown.
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What happened in 1624?
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King James took away the charter for Jamestown from the Virginia Company (they were having financial problems) and made it a royal colony in this year.
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dissented
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disagreed with the practices and beliefs of the Anglican Church
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persecuted
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treated harshly
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Puritans
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Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church.
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Separatists
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Protestants who wanted to break away from the Anglican Church.
Some fled from England to the Netherlands. |
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Pilgrims
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Spearatists who went to Plymouth on the Mayflower, called this because their journey had a religious purpose.
Often used to refer to all people on the boat, not just Sepeartists |
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Strangers
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people who were not Separatists
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Plymouth
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explored by Captain Smith in 1614 (then Paxtuxet), where the Pilgrims settled
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William Bradford
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Pilgrim leader and historian
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Mayflower Compact
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A formal document in which all on the Mayflower pledged their loyalty to England
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Squanto and Samoset
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Native Americans who befriended the colonists.
Squanto had been kidnapped by an English sea captain, that was where he learned English |
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New England Company
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formed by a group of Puritans in 1628, got a charter to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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John Winthrop
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a well-educated Purtian who was chosen to be the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Boston
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city the 1000 Puritan colonists established in 1630, under John Winthrop (he called this place "the city upon a hill")
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Great Migration
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movement of 15,000 Puritans to Massachusetts
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General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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an elected group that led the colony , every adult land-owning male could vote for governor and representatives in this court
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toleration
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acceptance of other people's beliefs
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Hartford
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founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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first written constitution in America, described the organization of government in detail
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Roger Williams
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a minister that felt that people should be free to follow any religious practice, believed it was wrong to take from natives, banished in 1635 from Massachusetts, took refuge with Wampanoag, founded Providence
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Rhode Island
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founded by Roger Williams when he received a charter in 1644, safe haven for dissenters, and religiously tolerant
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John Wheelwright
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founded Exeter in 1638 (in New Hampshire, which became a a colony in 1679)
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Anne Hutchinson
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came to MA in 1634, questioned power of officials, and thought women should have more power. Banished in 1637 and went to Rhode Island
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pequot War
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War between settlers and Pequots, started in 1637
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Metacomet
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known to settlers as King Philip, chief of Wampanoag people
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King Philip's War
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conflict between settlers and Wampanoag, started 1675, lasted about three years until settlers allied with Mohawk and killed Metacomet
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King Charles I
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beheaded in 1649 for treason
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Oliver Cromwell
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Puritan who headed movement agains Charles I, led England for a wile, died in 1658
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Charles II
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Charles I's son, became king 1660, his rule was called the RESTORATION
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New Amsterdam
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main Dutch settlement New Netherland, located on Manhattan Island, surrendered to English in 1664, renamed New York
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patroons
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wealthy landowners who acquired riverfront estates, could charge whaterver rents they wanted to farmers and laborers on the estate
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Peter Stuyvesant
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surrendered New Amsterdam to English
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New York
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given to Duke of York (used to be called New Amsterdam), was a proprietary colony
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proprietary colony
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a colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government
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New York Growth
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In 1664 the colony had about 8,000 inhabitants. By 1683 the colony's population had grown to 12,000 people.
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Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
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proprietors of New Jersey, hoped to make money off of their colony
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New Jersey
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given to Berkeley and Carteret by the DUke of York, named after Carteret's birthplace. Had a representative assembly, freedom of religion
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New Jersey's Ownership Changes
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First, the land was owned by the Duke of York, he gave it to Carteret and Berkeley and they started the colony. when the colony didn't make the profit that the pair hoped it would make, they auctioned off their shares (in 1674 and 1680) and by 1702, the king owned New Jersey
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William Penn
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wealthy English gentlemen, who received his land in America because the king had to pay off a debt to his father. He was a Quaker, founded Pennsylvania.
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Pennsylvania
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founded by William Penn, as big as England, founded in 1680, peaceful colony, seen by Penn as a "holy experiment"
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Quakers
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a Protestant group of dissenters, also called the society of friends, these people were pacifists, tolerant, and believed everyone to be equal
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Philadelphia
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means "city of brotherly love," started to be built in 1682
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Charter of Liberties
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granted colonists in PA the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly.
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indentured servants
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came to America for free in return for a set amount of year's work.
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Seven-year passengers
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English prisoners and Scottish and Irish prisoners of war who were sent over to the colonies and could earn freedom in about seven years in return for work
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Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
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a Catholic who wanted to establish a safe place for his fellow Catholics to live. Hoped that a colony would bring him a fortune as well
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Maryland
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named after Queen Henrietta Maria, first settlement = St. Mary's , larger port settlement = Baltimore, founded by Calvert and his son, safe haven for Catholics
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Baltimore
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founded 1729, Maryland's largest settlement because of its convenient port
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Act of Toleration
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a law passed in 1649, which tried to prevent Protestants from overrunning Maryland, granted religious freedom to Catholics and Protestants, failed to ease tension, appealed in 1692
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Sir William Berkeley
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governor of Virginia, formed agreement with Native Americans in 1644: if you give us this land, we will not invade any further onto your land
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Nathaniel Bacon
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a wealthy young planter in Virginia, opposed Berkeley, and led an attack on an Indian village in 1676, charged Jamestown, and sent Berkeley into exile
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The Carolinas
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In two charters issued in 1663 and 1665, given to 8 prominent members of the king's court, settled in 1670,later split into North and South Carolina when disputes of land and ranking occurred in 1729
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Charleston
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founded 1680, originally called Charles Town, by 1700 half of new arrivers were black
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North Carolina
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settled mostly by settlers with small farms, relied on Virginia's ports
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South Carolina
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more prosperous, good harbor, settled by wealthy land owners
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Elizabeth Lucas
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developed indigo in the 1740s
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James Oglethorpe
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a general, received charter to create a colony in 1733
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Georgia
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founded 1733, last of colonies, a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start
RULES : no Catholics, rum or slaves |
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Changes in Georgia Colony
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Oglethorpe changed his original rules, and allowed slavery and rum, in 1751 he handed the colony back to the king
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New France
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became a royal colony in 1663 under Louis XIV, Quebec = settlement in colony, mainly interested with fur trapping
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Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette
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a fur trader and priest who explored the Mississippi
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Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
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claimed Louisiana
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New Orleans
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founded 1718, at mouth of Mississippi
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tenant farmers
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settlers who payed their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year.
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seigneurs
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lords, much like patroons of the Dutch
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French and Native American Relationships
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The French respected the Native American culture when they attempted to convert them, learned the language, and their colonies grew slowly
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Spanish and Native American Relationships
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the Spanish often forced the natives to live on the missions and work hard all day long
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Santa Fe
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founded 1610, in NM
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missions
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religious settlements established to convert people to a particular faith, enabled Spanish to lay claim to area around it
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Junipero Serra
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a Franciscan monk who founded 8 missions in 15 years, first one founded in San Diego in 1679
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El Camino Real
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The King's Highway, connected missions
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France and Great Britain
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great rivals of the colonial period
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Britain and Spain
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often, fights broke out between colonists in Georgia and settlers in Florida
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