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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The contradictions and inconsistencies in the american revolution (4)
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-motives
-many of the colonists remained loyal to britain -American leaders were slave owners and was talking about freedom and liberty while depriving others of freedom and liberty -Americans fought british while they said they were loyal to the king |
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What the 2nd continental congress did when they met in 1775
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It organized the continental army(the ones that were already in the field) and commisioned George washington to lead it, they began requisitioning men and supplies for the war effort
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The olive branch petition
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congress set up a petition that asked the king to work with parliament to find agreement with americans.
As he recieved the petition, he also reicieved Adams' letter saying that war was inevitable, so he ignored the petition and he used adams' letter to claim that the olive branch petition was insecure |
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The description of the early fighting in the north
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The battle of bunker hill was held in boston. It was a bloody battle with the highest number of casualties
Americans were driven off by the british. Americans invaded canada and took Ft. ticonderoga. They took cannons from that Ft. and regained control over boston |
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The things that were written in Tom paines commo sense and how it affected american public opinion
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A calling for establishment for an independent republic
Most of the people felt the same way but they didnt want to break away from england because they were afraid of treason and they like tom paines ideas |
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The resolution of independence (July 2, 1776)
And who came up with it |
Resolve that these united colonies are free and independent stated
Richard henry lee came up with this |
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Who wrote the declaration of independence and one famous sentence
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Thomas Jefferson
We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights |
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Tories
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American colonists who were loyal to britain
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Weaknesses of the american colonies during the revolutionion
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-fewer americans
-not well trained. -Britain had a lot more people -20% of americans were loyal to britain -20% were slaves with mixed loyalties - British was the largest, the best, and they hires 30,000 hessians(germans) -America couldnt hire anyone because they didnt have enough money |
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The americans strengths
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-They were fighting on familiar territory and they were fighting for their homes
-British far from home and didnt have supplies - George washington was a great leader - British might have not put their greatest efforts towards fighting and underestimated americans |
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Description of the fighting in NY in spring of 1776
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British invaded NY and fighting took place on Long island. Washington tried to defend with inexperienced soldiers.
-British outnumbered Americans and washingtons army was fairly reduced. -Americans were pushed into Pennsylvania and Howe stayed in NY thinking that Americans will be defeated. |
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What happened on Christmas night and January 5th
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- Washington and troops crossed the deleware with boats. They reached NJ and marched to trenton. They took and captured 900 sleeping Hessians by suprise.
-Wash. and troops went from Trenton to Princeton and had another victory. |
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British plan for cutting off NE
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-3-point plan
Gen. Burgoyne would come down from canada Gen. Howe would come up from NY 3rd army would come up from the west They were all supposed to meet up in Albany to destroy all colonial forces |
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The battle of saratoga and its significance
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-Americans surrounded Gen. Burgoyne snd forced him to surrender.
- The significance is that the french became allies with americans |
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The description of the winter of 1777-78 at valley forge
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Continental army had gone to winter camp st valley forge
It was cold, they were running low on food, and many of wash's men were deserting. |
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What happened when british attacked savannah and charlestown in 1778
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They took the cities and captured the entire army.
British forces went back to NY and left cornwallis to finish up in Carolinas |
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Nathaniel green and why he was important
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He was a fighting quaker and one of washingtons best generals.
He used hit and run tactics so the army would be available to fight again. He put pressure on Cornwallis which forced him to move to VA |
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How the Americans were able to win at Yorktown
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The french were there and they had control of the sea.
Washingtons men marched down from NY and attacked the british who couldnt escape and were forced to surrender. |
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The terms of the treaty of paris in 1783 (5)
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- Recognizes American independence
- Boundaries- Miss river to the west, Fl. to the south, and Canada to the north - British must remove trooops including the NW territory. - Brits are free to collect their debts -Loyalist land- congress can encourage to give land back, but theyre not forced to |
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The thing that happened in florida
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The british returned florida to spain
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Was the American revolution really a revolution? why?
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It was really a revolution because it changed the government at the top.
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Since the revolution had been fought on the principles of equality, the reasons why the reasons why the slaves werent freed
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-Slave owners were making profit from slavery and they didnt want to give up the profit.
- People were afraid of the slaves revolting if they were freed. - It violated slaveowners rights to property. |
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How the emancipation came about in the northern states
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The passing of laws calling for gradual emancipation.
Children of slaves would become free when they reached a certain age manumission- individual slaves freed by slaveowners emancipation-group freedom |
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How women were affected by the revolution
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Achieved a degree of independence.
Some went and fought in the army dressed like men. When the men returned, nothing changed- the status of women didnt change |
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Cause and effects
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The surrender of Gen. Burgoyne led to French becoming allies with Americans
Nathaniel green used hit and run tactics which put pressure on cornwallis and forced him to move to VA When Tom paine wrote and distributed common sense, it caused Americans to shift their opinion and people werent as afraid to break away from england When british fought in america, they werent familiar with the land and they didnt have a source of supplies which, with the leadership of G. washington, led the Americans to victory The capturing of hessians in trenton led to the victory in princeton The Revolution affected women by helping them achieve a degree of independence. |
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Constitution definition
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A written document of basic law
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The rights mentioned in a state constitution bill of rights is based on
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The ideas of englishmen
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Under the articles of confederation, the powers that were given to the central government
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- A unicameral legislature w/ each state having one vote
- to get laws passed--> 2/3 majority - unanamous consent of all 13 states. - Make war, sign treaties, ask states for money and men, and admit states into the union |
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Powers denied to new government (3)
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- taxes
- raise army - regulate commerce |
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How western land claims delayed the ratification of the articles of theconfederation
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- states that had western land claims could sell their land to raise $
- states that didnt have land claims felt that they were at a disadvantage and refused to ratify until the states who had claims, gave them up |
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The problem that the new american government had with the british in the northwest
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The soldiers
They were refusing to leave and british forces were encouraging indians to attack americans |
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the problem that the new american government had with spain
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They were also encouraging indians to attack americans
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how the americans contributed to their foreign policy problems
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the americans hadnt paid debts to british and they had not returned loyalist land
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the financial problem that faced congress
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they couldnt levy taxes
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the economy after the american revolution
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american manufacturers competed with foreign companies
they wanted a tariff but government couldnt provide it for them lost guaranteed market in british empire |
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terms of the land ordinance in 1785
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surveying of land. 6x6 and one mile sections( townships)
One section was reserved for education. Land was auctioned off but min was 1 section |
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terms of NW ordinance of 1787 (5)
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- governor appointed
- 5,000 adult males go into legislature - send a nonvoting rep to congress - when a state reaches 60,000 total pop., then it could apply for admission to the union - no slavery in NW territory or any other states formed from NW territory |
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Shays rebellion and how it changed public opinion
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poor farmers in western MA who were angered due to heavy tax burden and closures- they rebelled. It was led by daniel shay.Said they were going to the armory to get weapons. When they got there a battle took place and they lost
It changed public opinion by ppl becoming fearful and the realization for a need of strong central government |
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The economic level of most members of the constitutional convention
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wealthy university graduates usually in their 40's
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How the meeting of the constitutional convention could be considered a counter revolution
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They met in secrecy and could have been considered as treson
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The view of government held by most members of the constitutional convention (3)
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- people should have limited role in government
- believed in democracy but didnt trust in too much democracy - wanted to make sure tierany wasnt established |
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How the ideas of montesquieu reflected in the american constitution
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He talked about seperation of powers and checks and balances
executive, legislative, and judicial |
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How the great compromise solved the problem of relative power to be granted to large and small states
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Large states- house of representatives were elected by the people
small states- senate- appointed by state and legislature |
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How the 3/5 compromise dealt with issues of slavery, taxation, and representation
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3/5 of slaves in each state would be counted for representation
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Hoe the issue of forein commerce was resolved- commerce compromise (3)
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- simple majority to pass common laws
- no export taxes on tariffs - 2/3 majority in senate to ratify treaties |
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The final agreement of the slave trade
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congress wouldnt interfere with the slave trade for the next 20 years
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how the constitution remedy the flaws of the articles of confederation (5)
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- Individual judicial system with supreme court and lower federal courts
-power to tax -raise army - regulate commerce -easier ammending process |
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Elastic clause
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gave congress power to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its power and function
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judicicial review
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federal courts can look at laws passed by congress and determine if if they asre constitutional
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How the constitution was to be ratified
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- special state conventions-
It would go into affect when 9 states approve |
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federalists and antifederalists
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fed- supporters of the constitution
anti fed- opposers of the constitutionq |
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objections to the constitution (6)
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-fear of double taxation
-threat to state rights -too much power in central government - president would become king -standing army - no bill of rights |
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Why the new government didnt go into effect after 9 states had ratified
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Because NY and VA werent states that ratified and they the biggest and most powerful states.
Government realized that without them, the government wouldnt function properly |
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federalist papers and how it affected public opinion
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Series of newspapers that explained what was in the constitution, supporting it, and why it's necessary
It got ppl to favor the constitution, |
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The bill of rights
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The first ten amandments of the constitution-basic rights that protected freedom. It concerned for ppls rights and made from distrust of government
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Washingtons first department heads
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Sec. of war- Henry knox
Sec. of state- Jay and then Thomas Jefferson Treasury- Alexander hamilton |
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How the presidential cabinet emerged
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Washington began to consult with department heads and they started to meet on a regular basis
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Hamiltons funding plan
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People who had old bonds could trade them for new onese for the same initial face value.
Federal government was urged to assume paying state debts |
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How hamiltons financial plan got through congress
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Insider trading
They bought old bonds from ppl becuse they were worth more money |
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Why there was conflict over hamiltons proposal that federal government assume taxes
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The states that had already paid their debts said it was unfair to be taxed for the states that still owed money
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The arrangement that swayed congress to pass hamiltons program
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The building of a new national capital in southern land
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The functions of the bank of US (3)
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Issue paper money
make loans to the government A place where the government keeps its money |
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-Who opposed the bank and why
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Madison and jefferson
They said it was unconstitutional |
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Whisky rebellion
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Farmers in PA refused to pay taxes on whisky. It was a big part of the economy. Washington and militia went there to bring down the rebelion
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What the british were doing during washingtons admonistration
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Encouraged indians to attack americans. They still had forts. Wash. sent in militia and Indians gave up most of their land in ohio
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Political differences of Hamilton and jefferson
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Hamilton- federalist, strong government, balanced economy, govt needed to help mfg and commerce. favored wealthy
Jefferson- antifederallist, state right and liberty. economy based on farming, favored common man Madison- Antifederalist, associated with Jefferson Washington- federalist who supported hamilton |
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How political parties evolved out of the differing political opinions
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Washington and hamilton were the federalists
Madison and jefferson were republicans |
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Federalist advantages
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Had well thought out program with hamiltons finacial plan
most of the wealthy supported the federalists along with preachers and newpaper editors. Rewarded followers with gov't jobs |
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How the french revolution affected the development of american political parties
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when french revolution became violent, federalists turned againt them and republicans supported the ideas of the revolution.
silidified division beteween 2 parties |
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Citizen genet and how his actions affected american politics
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A french representative sent to america to make sure french treaties were still being abided and stir up trouble w/ spanish Washington opposed and issued a neutrality. He disreguarded neutrality. proclimation. Washington was suspicious of jeffersons french sympathies. Jefferson resigned which helped solidify 2 parties.
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How british responded to americans trading with french west indies
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They were angry and said that any ship they saw trading with french colonies would be subject to seizure. they captured 300 american ships and impressed American sailors into brit navy
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John Jays negotiation with britain (4)
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Give up post in NW
Respect of american neutrality Pay for captured american ships Get commercial treaty |
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Terms of john jays treaty and the publics reaction
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Brit would give up NW post
Americans thought brits would still encouage indians to attack them. It was a bad treraty that didnt accomplish anything |
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Pinckneys treaty (3)
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Spanish treaty with americans
-Settled on North boundary of FLA -Gives american right to use mississippi river -Right to use port of new orleans |
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In washingtons farewell adress, he warned against..(2)
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Political party conflict
Permanent foreign alliances |
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Who won the election of 1796 and the unusual results
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Adams won the electiion
The person with the 2nd highest votes would become vice president (jefferson) |
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The XYZ affair and its results (4)
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Adams sent a mission to paris to end french raids on american shipping. French demanded bribe of 250,000 to 3 of their agents XYZ.
- outrage against france - Congress voted to spend more money on military - Repealed treaties with france - U.S . ended up fighting an undeclared naval war with france |
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what caused the alien and sedition acts
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Adams and federalists striking out at their opponents- many were newly arrived immigrants
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The alien and sedition acts (4)and why the courts didnt find them unconstitutional
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raised residency requirements for citizens--14
President could order any alien out of the country Jail enemy aliens in wartime Punish anyone speaking or writing against gov't - Federal court judges were federalists |
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The kentucky and virginia resolutions
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Response to alien and sedition acts by madison and jefferson
Approved by legislatures of KY and VA in 1798 attacked broad interpretation of constitution gave states rights arguments that any state could nullify (declare void) laws they disagreed with |
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The candidates of the election of 1800, who won, and what was unusual about these election results
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Reps- Jefferson and Burr
Feds- Adams and C.Pinckney Jefferson won Tie between Jefferson and Burr- went to house of reps. Feds supported Burr to keep Jefferson out. Went to 35 ballots before Jefferson was declared president |
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What the 12th amendment of the constitution provided for
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Electors would vote for president and VP on seperate ballots; this would prevent ties.
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The significance of the Judiciary act of 1801
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Increased number of federal judges.
Adams named federalists to these lifelong posts; and Adams named John Marshall as chief justice. Meant that a federalist(nationalist) interpretation of the law would be felt for years to come |
