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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
subcultures always embrace
drugs
what etheogens do
give the sense of being touched with the sacred or divine
prehistory of drugs
Prehistory of drugs
Archaeological evidence supports the human use of
entheogenic drugs since at least the paleolithic age in Europe
(10,000 B.C.E.)
In 1,500 B.C.E. the Rig Veda was written (it is the oldest
known religious text) and it mentions Soma, a mysterious,
vision inducing drug that science now believes is a derivative
of the Amanita Muscaria mushroom)
For over 2,000 years the Ancient Greeks practiced the
Rites of Eleusis. This was one of the most important
events a Greek could undertake. Evidence points to the
ritual consisting of ritual cleansing (purification), the
ingestion of some substance, and then reintegration to the
world.

John the Baptist was a member of the Essene Sect. The
Essenes used psychedelic mushrooms and so valued them
that they held competitions to see who could collect the
most after every rain.
Shamans have used entheogens for millennia.
Even animals have combined plants for an entheogenic
affect.
Indigenous peoples in South America have watched animals
eat plants and roots in order to learn what combinations to
use.
Inuit use the urine of Reindeer who have eaten entheogenic
mushrooms that are also poisonous since their digestive
tract removes the poison but leave the mild-altering effect.
part of our genetic makeup
drugs...like the ability to reproduce
3 important major effects of etheogens that make them critical to human consciousness
John the Baptist was a member of the Essene Sect. The
Essenes used psychedelic mushrooms and so valued them
that they held competitions to see who could collect the
most after every rain.
Shamans have used entheogens for millennia.
Even animals have combined plants for an entheogenic
affect.
Indigenous peoples in South America have watched animals
eat plants and roots in order to learn what combinations to
use.
Inuit use the urine of Reindeer who have eaten entheogenic
mushrooms that are also poisonous since their digestive
tract removes the poison but leave the mild-altering effect.

3) They change the concept of time and history
a) Turns everything into a perpetual now
b) Enhances the idea of mortality
c) This becomes contrary to the teleological (or
goal-oriented nature, of mainstream,
technological culture.
d) The destruction of a sense of history happens
because the psychedelic world becomes one of
myth and ritual, one of archetypes and timeless
symbols and essences. This is more profound
and meaningful than that of historical and
evolutionary sequences.
bicameral mind
this means
that the hemispheres were not connected by
the corpus collosum as they are now… the two
hemispheres were not in constant
communication with one another.
When a thought arose in one hemisphere the other
didn’t necessarily know where it was coming from
gordon wasson
R. Gordon Wasson
Vice President of J.P.Morgan and Co. -
one of the world’s richest and most
prestigious investment firms
Close friends of the Luce’s and other important people
Amateur mycologist
1956 becomes the first white person to be given
mushrooms by curendera Maria Sabina
Life Magazine runs HUGE story about how great these
mushrooms are
oscar janiger
Dr. Oscar Janiger
Janiger turned on Alan Watts the Buddhist
author and member of the Beat generation
Watts writes The Joyous Cosmology,
glorifying the effects of entheogens,
particularly mescaline.
The Joyous Cosmology becomes a main text for the
counterculture.
aldous huxley
Aldous Huxley
1955 write the Doors of
Perception (from a quote by
William James and which
gives the band The Doors a
name) and Heaven and Hell.
Both become subcultural
classics.
5 things that US army did
US Army - MK-Ultra
Begins conducting drug experiments in V.A. hospitals
Ken Kesey volunteers for the tests
Starts stealing some of the drugs to turn his friends on
The Pranksters informally band together
The Acid Tests begin
stuff about tim leary
Dr. Timothy Leary
First experienced mushrooms in Mexico
Started research at Harvard with Richard Alpert & Ralph Metzner
Turns on Cord
Meyer - a main
figure in the
CIA and also
Mary Pinchot -
one of JFK’s
mistresses, and
maybe JFK
1960 turns on Ginsberg, Charles Mingus, Dizzy
Gillespie, and John Coltrane as well as visual artists
Willem deKooning
1963 Dismissed from Harvard and starts IFIF
1964 is given the Millbrook estate of Billy Mellon
Hitchcock (heir of Gulf Oil) and his sister, Peggy
Hitchcock Guggenheim
Writes the Psychedelic Experience based on the
Tibetan Book of the Dead - another counterculture
classic
drug lore stuff
Drug Lore
Because of the many unique elements of the psychedelic experience, it lent
itself extremely well to the seventh characteristic of subcultural behaviors:
creating your own folkways.
Folk Speech: the basic vocabulary was filled with terms that dealt with,
or referred to, drug use.
Folk Clothing: became much more “psychedelicized” with paisley,
multicolors, body paint, etc.
Folk Customs: Methods of rolling a joint, the idea of never “bogarting”
or “lipping” a joint, the custom of turning the person on from whom
you just scored.
Folk Narratives: Stories about amazing highs or close calls
three categories of tribal elders
Tribal Elders
Basically, the Tribal Elders of the Haight fell into three categories:
1) Those who truly were Tribal Elders in the chronological sense but were always tied to the subculture
a) Allen Ginsberg, who by the 60s had really made the transition from Beat to Hippie… Allen was in his early 40s during the Hippie movement

b) Neal Cassady, another member of the Beats who while never becoming a true hippie, participated in their events via his association with Kesey and who was already a subcultural icon.
Neal was also in his early 40s during the Hippie scene.

Tim was in his late 40s and early 50s during the Hippie movement.
2) Another group consisted of people like Timothy Leary, who was never a member of the Beats but was accepted as a High Priest of the Hippie scene

3) The third group were the young artists who never wanted the role of Tribal Elder (or holder of the great wisdom) but had that label forced upon them by the movement.
the tribal elder role (4 things that make a tribal error an exception to the rule)
The Tribal Elder Role
The idea of the Tribal Elder had far less to do with intellectualizing the movement or context, but had to deal with instinct and intuition, which led to an even greater mystical significance for the people chosen as Elders.
The criteria for being a Tribal Elder were:
1) Knowledge of the scene
2) Empathy
3) The ability and history of going very publicly against the mainstream
4) Being someone you could trust
7 ways to describe play
Play has been described in various ways:
1) non-literal orientation
2) A suspension of the meaning, purpose, or seriousness of social action
3) The antithesis of structure
4) An experimental dialogue with the environment
5) A mode of organization of behavior
6) The intrusion of unserious mimicry into social interaction
7) Is fun and resists all analysis and logical investigations
Play is so prevalent and important that there are some anthropologists who would call our species Homo Ludens (Man the Game Player)
Victor Turner's take on play
Perhaps the most important idea of play, at least for our context, comes from anthropologist Victor Turner:
“Play… is a volatile, sometimes dangerously explosive essence, which cultural institutions seek to bottle or contain in the vials of games of competition, chance, and strength, in modes of simulation as theater (and now computer games), and in ‘controlled disorientation’, from roller coasters to dervish dancing… Play could be termed dangerous because it may subvert the left-right hemispheric regular switching involved in maintaining social order.”
play as a ritual
Play as Ritual
Victor Turner expanded on his ideas about play by stating that:
“…play… is a kind of dancing partner with ritual.”
What kinds of rituals took part on a regular, if not daily basis in the Haight?

Just as mainstream society depends upon ritual to maintain its tradition (pledge to the flag, prayer, elections, etc.) the Haight used play to:
1) Live its life
2) Continue its growth
3) Maintain tradition
4) Inculcate new members
the diggers
The new Diggers had much in common with the original Diggers as they wanted reform and the freedom to truly “be free”
You noble Diggers all, stand up now, stand up now
You noble Diggers all, stand up now
The wast(e) land to maintain, seeing Cavaliers by name
You digging does mountain, and person all defame
Stand up now, stand up now.
To conquer them by love, come in now, come in now
To conquer them by love, come in now;
To conquer them by love, as it does you behave,
For he is King above, no power is like to love,
Glory here, Diggers all.
No group knew better how to utilize play in the maintenance of the Haight community than the Diggers.
The San Francisco Diggers were based on an English subculture that lasted from 1649-1650 who were also called the Diggers, or Levellers.

Where’d They Come From?
The Diggers were originally actors from the San Francisco Mime Troupe who saw what was going on in the Haight and new that someone had to be the social conscience for all these people.

One of the first things they did was to create “The Communication Company” that would publish broadsides at a moments notice. If someone down the street got busted, a CC broadside would be on the streets literally in minutes announcing it.

One of the most socially responsible things the Diggers did was to provide daily free meals for anyone who was hungry. They’d solicit donations from stores, restaurants, and dumpsters and would provide hearty meals.
3 things that play did for the haight
The Nature of Play Revisited
Play, therefore, functioned within the Haight to:
1) Make daily life more enjoyable
2) Ridicule and infuriate the mainstream
3) Inculcate new members
Play has a built in paradox:
Its lightness and fleetingness (seemingly not strengths) are actually the things that protect its members. It has the power of the weak: an infinite audacity in the face of the strong
4 more thing that play did for the haight
Play in the Haight, therefore:
1) Permitted a circumstance of celebration
2) This celebration further separated them from mainstream
3) Allowed them to create new, daily forms of interaction
4) To invest in their own future