Amandatalbot/micro2400 Power Point Questions Chapter 4 Part 4

Front 1

A glycocalyx will be ? depending on the micro-organism we are talking about, keep in mind there can be ?

Back 1

modified
variation

Front 2

Glycocalyx develops as a coating of repeating ? units, ? or both

Back 2

polysaccharide
protein

Front 3

Glycocalyx is mainly ? , but it depends on the micro-organism, if it does have ? attached

Back 3

polysaccharides,
proteins

Front 4

Glycocalyx can help ? a cell and help it ? to the environment.

Back 4

protect
adhere

Front 5

Glycocalyx make up the ? on your teeth

Back 5

film

Front 6

Glycocalyx thickness will ? according to the micro-organism

Back 6

vary

Front 7

Glycocalyx called a ? is looser and easily peeled off with chemicals, it also helps prevent loss of water and nutrients.

Back 7

slime layer

Front 8

Glycocalyx that is tightly bound to the cell and is more dense and thicker is called a ?

Back 8

capsule

Front 9

A ? makes a cell good at avoiding the immune system, makes the bacteria slippery.

Back 9

capsule

Front 10

? bacteria have a capsule that helps in evading phagocytosis by immune system WBC's.

Back 10

Smooth

Front 11

Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bacillus anthracis all have a ? glycocalyx that helps them evade the immune system.

Back 11

capsule

Front 12

Films that coat live structures common in areas that come into contact with water are ?

Back 12

Biofilms

Front 13

Biofilms start by attaching to a ? and start to break it down by releasing byproducts of metabolism that are ? and can destroy it

Back 13

substrate
acidic

Front 14

The biggest and most important difference in bacteria is the difference in the cell cell envelope, whether it is ? or ?

Back 14

gram+ or gram-

Front 15

A ? cell has 2 layers which are the cell wall cytoplasmic membrane.

Back 15

gram+

Front 16

A ? cell has 3 layers which are the outer-membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasmic membrane

Back 16

gram-

Front 17

List the order in which the gram stains are applied

Back 17

Primary stain,
Grams iodine,
alcohol/decolorizer
safranin

Front 18

Crystal violet is known as the ?

Back 18

Primary dye

Front 19

? stains everything purple, it enters the peptidoglycan layer in gram+ and gram-

Back 19

crystal violet

Front 20

Gram's iodine is known as the ? It goes into the peptidoglycan layer and forms a complex called the ? with the Crystal violet

Back 20

mordant
CV-I complex

Front 21

The CV-I complex is to big to leave the peptidoglycan layer in the ? bacteria because it is so ?

Back 21

gram+
thick

Front 22

Gram- cell walls are unable to hold onto the CV-I complex because they are to ? So they become ? So ? is added in the final step to give them color.

Back 22

thin
decolored
safranin

Front 23

? is added at the end and goes in gram+ and gram- cells but cannot be seen in the gram+ cell because it doesn't show up when mixed with the dark blue crystal violet

Back 23

safranin

Front 24

The cell walls of most bacteria gain their relatively rigid-quality from a unique macromolecule called ?

Back 24

peptidoglycan

Front 25

peptidoglycan is composed of a repeating frame-work of long ? chains, cross linked by short ? fragments to provide a
strong but flexible support frame-work that helps prevent ?

Back 25

glycan
peptide
lysis

Front 26

Peptidoglycan only exists in ?

Back 26

bacteria

Front 27

The combination of ? and ? make it easily targeted with antibiotics

Back 27

Essential
Unique

Front 28

Fungal infections are harder to kill due to cell wall ?

Back 28

variations

Front 29

Bacteria are easier to kill because of their ? peptidoglycan layer.

Back 29

unique

Front 30

Peptidoglycan is composed of a ? component and a ? component

Back 30

protein
sugar

Front 31

NAG =

Back 31

N-acetyl glucosamine

Front 32

NAG

Back 32

N-acetyl-glucosamine

Front 33

NAM and NAG are two ? components of PG that do not vary

Back 33

sugar

Front 34

A Pentapeptide has ? amino acids

Back 34

5

Front 35

UDP=

Back 35

Uridine diphosphate

Front 36

The precursor subunit of PG, UDP-NAM is synthesized in the ?

Back 36

Cytoplasm

Front 37

UDP-NAM is the ? subunit of PG

Back 37

precursor

Front 38

The Bactoprenol phosphate inside the cell membrane acts as a ? molecule and carries the
NAM-NAG-pentapeptide precursor across the cell membrane.

Back 38

carrier

Front 39

UDP gives off one ? to the carrier molecule Bactoprenol phosphate and becomes UMP and goes back into the cytoplasm. The NAM-Pentapeptide is now connected to the ? molecule.

Back 39

phosphate
Bactoprenol phosphate

Front 40

UDP-NAG comes in from the cytoplasm and NAG is transferred to the Bactoprenol-NAM-pentapeptide to form the final ? pentapeptide precursor

Back 40

diassacharide

Front 41

The completed NAM-NAG-pentapeptide precursor is transported across the cell membrane to its ? surface by the Bactoprenol ? lipid

Back 41

outer
carrier

Front 42

The completed dissacharide- pentapeptide is then transferred to the growing end of the ? chain to lengthen it by ? unit.

Back 42

peptidoglycan
one

Front 43

Pentapeptides are only connected to ? in the Pentapeptide-Disaccharide chains.

Back 43

NAM

Front 44

Peptidoglycan is held together by interbridges of a cross-linkage of ? between NAM molecules only.

Back 44

peptides

Front 45

The pentapeptide-NAM-NAG molecules are connected by a process called ?

Back 45

trans-peptidation

Front 46

Trans-peptidation is the forming of ? bonds between the ? amino acid chains which form cross-bridges between NAM molecules

Back 46

peptide
pentapeptide

Front 47

If a cell is in a HYPOtonic solution water will automatically ? and the cell wall helps to prevent lysis. The cell becomes a hungry-hungry hippo!
Hypo=Hippo

Back 47

enter

Front 48

If a cell is in a HYPERtonic solution water will automatically ? the cell and the cell will start to ?

Back 48

leave
shrivle

Front 49

If there is any ? in any part of the peptidoglycan synthesis process and it will not work.

Back 49

mutation

Front 50

The typical cell wall keeps cells from rupturing because of changes in pressure due to ?

Back 50

osmosis

Front 51

The Cell wall is a target of many ? because they disrupt the cell wall, and then cells have little protection from?

Back 51

antibiotics
lysis

Front 52

Gram ? cell walls are easier to target with ? because there is no ? so the peptidoglycan cell wall is easier to get to.

Back 52

+
antibiotics
outer-membrane

Front 53

A gram+ cell wall contains tightly bound polysaccharides including ? and ?

Back 53

teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid

Front 54

Teichoic acid and Lipoteichoic acid appear to function in cell wall ? and ? during cell division, and they also contribute to the ? charge on the cell surface

Back 54

maintenance
enlargement
acidic

Front 55

Lipoteichoic andTeichoic acids are only found in gram ? cells

Back 55

+

Front 56

? acids do not penetrate all the way through the peptidoglycan cell wall. ? acids do and attach to the phospholipid bi-layer.

Back 56

Techoic
Lipotechoic

Front 57

Lipoproteins attach the cell ? to the cell ?

Back 57

membrane
wall/peptidoglycan

Front 58

UDP brings ? into the peptidoglycan synthesis

Back 58

energy

Front 59

NAM-NAG is a ? of sugar

Back 59

macro-molecule

Front 60

The ? space forms between the cell membranes and the cell wall

Back 60

periplasmic