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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The two strands of DNA run in an ? arrangement where one side of the helix runs in the opposite direction of the other in a ? hand twisted double helix
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anti-parallel
right |
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Upstream is toward the ? end and downstream is toward the ? end
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5'
3' |
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the 1st carbon on the sugar is attached to the ? base
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nitrogenous
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The 3' end has an ? group attached most of the time.
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OH/hydroxyl
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The first spot on DNA that is opened is known as the ?
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origin of replication
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Their a lot of A&T nitrogenous bases around the origin of replication because?
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their only 2 hydrogen bonds between them and they take less energy to break than the 3 H-bonds between C's and G's
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Helicase starts unzipping the dsDNA to expose the ? for replication
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nitrogenous bases
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? react with the opened regions of the dsDNA to keep it open during replication.
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single stranded binding proteins
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DNA polymerase III adds on at the ? end only and then it synthesizes the new strand from ? to ? in a ? fashion.
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3'
5' to 3' complimentary |
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DNA replication requires a careful orchestration of the actions of ?# different enzymes to produce two complete daughter cells
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30
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A critical feature of DNA replication is termed ? replication because the daughter cell is paired with the parent cell which explains the reliability and fidelity of replication
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semi-conservative
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The process of synthesizing a new daughter strand of DNA using the parental strand as a template is carried out by the enzyme ?
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DNA polymerase III
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DNA polymerase III cannot start a new strand of nucleotides, it can only add to an existing chain. A ? must be synthesized in the replication fork for the DNA polymerases III to start adding nucleotides.
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RNA primer
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RNA polymerase/primase adds a ? so that DNA polymerase III can start adding nucleotides.
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primer of RNA
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The RNA primer is synthesized just like the new DNA strand from ? to ?
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5' to 3'
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? and ? have the ability to do some proofreading and make corrections by excising unmatched base pairs and putting in the correct ones
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DNA polymerase I and III
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The ? strand is copied toward the replication fork and the ? strand elongates away from the replication fork
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leading
lagging |
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The lagging strand elongates away from the replication fork and is synthesized ? as a series of short fragments called ? fragments
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discontinuously
Okazaki |
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? is continuously adding ? primer to the lagging strand so the Okazaki fragments can be synthesized.
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RNA polymeras/primase
RNA primer |
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? has the ability to add in the DNA fragments that are missing between the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand and to proofread and look for errors.
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DNA polymerase I
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After DNA polymerase I adds in the missing DNA between the Okazaki fragments and proofreads the lagging strand, there are little notches/openings left in the strand and they are glued together by ?
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DNA ligase
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Ligases/Ligands are the ? of biological systems
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glue
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DNA ligase causes a ? bond to be formed that "glues" the DNA pieces together in the lagging strand
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phosphodiaster
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A microbiologist pick up line at a bar. Q-If I were an enzyme, what enzyme would I be?
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A- DNA helicase, so I could unzip your genes!
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