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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Both gram neg. and gram pos. can ? to transfer genetic material.
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conjugate
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In gram neg. cells, the donor has plasmid, known as a ? or ? factor that allows the synthesis of a conjugative pilus.
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fertility or F
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The recipient cell in conjugation has a ? site on its surface.
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recognition
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A cell that has the F plasmid is denoted as ? and cell that doesn't have the F plasmid is denoted as ?
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F+
F- |
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Conjugation is a ? process, in that the donor bacterium generally retains a copy of the genetic material being transferred.
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conservative
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In ? recombination donors, the fertility factor has been integrated in the F+ donor ?
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high-frequency
chromosome |
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The term high-frequency recombination was adopted to denote that a cell with and integrated ? factor transmits its chromosomal genes at a higher frequency than other cells
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F
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conjugation has great biomedical importance. Special resistance(R) ? or ? that bear gene for resisting antibiotics and other drugs are commonly shared among bacteria through ?
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plasmids
factors conjugation |
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Transfer of ? factors can confer multiple resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals or for synthesizing virulence factors.
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R
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Encapsulated strains have a ? colonial appearance and are ?, strains lacking a capsule have a ? appearance and are ?.
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smooth
virulent rough non-virulent |
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DNA from a dead cell still retains its ? code.
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genetic
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When a bacterial cell accepts small fragments of soluble DNA from the surrounding environment it is termed ?
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transformation
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Transformation is facilitated by special DNA ? proteins on the ? that capture DNA from the surrounding medium.
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binding
cell wall |
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Cells that are capable of accepting DNA from surrounding medium are termed ?
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competent
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Transformation does not require any special ? and the donor and recipient do not have to be in contact.
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appendages
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When eukaryotic cell absorb fragments of soluble fragments of DNA from surrounding medium it is termed ?
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transfection
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The process by which a bacteriophage serves as the carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell is ?
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transduction
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Although transduction occurs naturally in a broad spectrum of bacteria, the bacteria in a single transduction event must be the same ? because of specificity of viruses for host cells.
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species
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In ? transduction, random fragments of disintegrated host DNA are taken up by the phage during assembly.
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generalized
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In ? transduction, a highy specific part of the host genome is regularly incorporated into the virus.
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specialized
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In specialized transduction the specificity is explained by the prior existence of a ? prophage inserted in a fixed site on the bacterial chromosome.
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temperate
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Only those bacteria infected with temperate phage during ? transduction are toxin formers.
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specialized
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? are genes that can relocate from one part of the genome to another, causing rearrangement of ? material.
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Transposons
genetic |
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Transposon rearrangements have ? or ? consequences for the organism.
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beneficial
harmful |
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Genetic recombination occurs in eukaryotes through ? reproduction. In bacteria, recombination occurs through the processes of ?,?,?
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sexual
transformation, conjugation, transduction |
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What must a cell be able to crate to perform conjugation?
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pilus
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Where is a pilus normally coded for ?
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plasmid
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What are the differences between strain I and strain II?
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Strain I has the Str-r on its chromosome
Strain II has the Amp-r on its plasmid |
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Can you think of a reason why strain I may have grown on the LB/AMP/Str plates?
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Ampicillin was inactivated
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is a plasmid necessary for normal cell survival?
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no
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