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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
political parties
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organized groups with public followings that seek to elect officeholders who identify themselves by the group's common label, for the purpose of exercising political power
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unified government
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the presidency and both houses of Congress are controlled by the same party
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divided government
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the presidency is held by one party and at least one house of Congress is controlled by a different party
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two-party system
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a system of electoral competition in which two parties are consistently the most likely to win office and gain power
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single-member districts
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electoral districts in which only one person is elected to represent the district in a representative body
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plurality elections
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elections in which the candidate with the most votes, not necessarily a majority, wins
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proportional representation
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an election system in which candidates are elected from multimember districts, with a party's share of seats from a district being roughly proportional to their share of the popular vote
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fusion
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a strategy in which third parties endorse a major party candidate but list that candidate separately on the ballot so that voters can vote for the candidate under the third-party label
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Australian ballot
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an official government-produced ballot for elections that lists all offices and all the candidates and parties that have qualified to be the ballot
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party machine
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disciplined local party organizations that selected candidates; got out the vote; provided benefits to supporters including government workers, local constituents, and businesses; and serverd as social service agencies for their followers
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patronage
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awarding jobs in government on the basis of party support and loyalty rather than expertise or experience
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Progressive reforms
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a set of political and electoral reforms in the early twentieth century that had the combined effect of weakening political parties
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national party convention
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a meeting held over several days at which delegates select the party's presidential nominee, approve the party platform, and consider changes in party rules and policies
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party platform
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a document expressing the principles, beliefs, and policy positions of the party, as endorsed by delegates at the national party convention
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responsible party model
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the idea that political parties should run as unified teams, present a clear policy platform, implement that platform when in office, and run on their record in the subsequent election
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issue evolution
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a change in the partisan base of support for an issue over time, such that the positions of Democrats and Republicans switch
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electoral realignment
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a shift in the composition of party coalitions that produces a new, relatively durable pattern of party competition
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dealignment
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a substantial reduction in the proportion of the voting population consistently voting for and identifying with one party
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