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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does CAMs stand for?
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complementary and alternative methods
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what is CAMs?
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group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are NOT generally considered part of conventional medicine
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what does complementary mean?
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is used alongside conventional medicine; it complements the treatment
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what does alternative mean?
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is used in place of conventional medicine
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what does integrative mean?
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combines treatments from conventional as well as CAMs for which there is EVIDENCE of SAFETY and EFFECTIVENESS!
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what is the national center for complementary and alternative medicine (NCCAM) a branch of?
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NIH (national institute of health)
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what does the NCCAM do?
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lead government agency for scientific research on CAMs
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when was NCCAM established
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1998
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what are the categories of CAMs?
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-whole medical systems
-natural products -mind-body practices -manipulative and body-based practices -other practices |
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what are key points of homeopathic medicine?
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-developed in germany more than 200 years ago
-practiced in the US since 1800s -controversial as key concepts disagree with the basic laws of science |
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what are the regulations of homeopathic medicine?
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-licensing varies state to state
-treatments are regulated by FDA |
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what is the evidence of homeopathic medicine?
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no evidence showing effective treatment
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what are the key points to naturopathic medicine?
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-emphasis on supporting heath not combating disease
-belief that nature has healing powers -naturopathic physicians or naturopaths |
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what are the regulations of naturopathic medicine?
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some states have laws regulating
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what is the evidence of naturopathic medicine?
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no evidence showing effective treatment
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what are the key points of traditional chinese medicine?
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-goes back over 5,000 years
-practiced in hospitals in china and in the US -includes acupuncture, herbs, cupping, massage, and diet |
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what is the evidence of traditional chinese medicine?
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evidence is limited but acupuncture has most evidence of efficacy
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what are the key points of ayurveda (the science of life)?
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-aim is to integrate and balance the mind, body, and spirit
-eight branches that incorporate cleansing practices -concerns about toxicity, formulations, and interactions |
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what are the regulations of ayurveda?
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standards and schools in india but no regulations or standards in US
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what is the evidence behind ayurveda?
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evidence varies and is not conclusive
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what are examples of natural products?
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herbs
dietary supplements vitamins |
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what are limitations and precautions of natural products?
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-concern over drug interactions, reinforce speaking with pharmacist, doctor, and therapists
-OTs do not dispense medications, are not licensed to prescribe and or recommend these products |
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what is aromatherapy?
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uses essential oils to promote health and well-being
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what does sweet orange oil help>
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emotional balance and positive outlook
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what does lavender do?
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calm anxiety
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what does grapefruit, lavender, lemon and rose do?
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improve depression
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what does peppermint and rosemary do?
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improve memory and concentration
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what are limitations and precautions of essential oils?
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-can't be applied to skin
-can cause allergic reactions, headaches -some should be avoided during pregnancy -products not regulated in the US |
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what do mind-body practices integrate?
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-modern scientific medicine
-psychology -nutrition -exercise physiology -power of belief |
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what is the goal of mind-body practices?
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enhance the natural healing capacities of body and mind
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what do the mind-body practices incorporate?
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-relaxation response
-cognitive behavioral approach -role of physical activity and nutrition |
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what does the spirituality aspect of the mind-body practices require the OT to do?
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-have clarity about his/her own spirituality process in order for the OT to have unconditional positive regard
-use a combo of therapeutic use of self, unconditional positive regard,and a peaceful/steady mental and emotional state -may foster positive mental and emotional states -may be an effective coping strategy -may promote positive emotions, hope, happiness, optimism, and a higher quality of life |
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what are limitations and precautions of mind-body regarding spirituality practices?
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client must take the lead on what spirituality is to him/her
-client may be in distress regarding a traumatic or challenging event in his/her life |
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what does meditation focus on?
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control attention by eliminating thoughts
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what is meditation commonly used for?
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stress reduction and or relaxation
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what are limitations of meditation
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someone who is actively experiencing psychotic symptoms may have difficulty engaging in meditation
-pray may reinforce delusions |
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what are relaxation techniques used for?
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relieve tension and strain
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what are examples of relaxation techniques?
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progressive muscle relaxation or relaxation breathing
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what may guided imagery be used for?
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used to treat alcohol and drug addictions, depression, panic disorders, phobias and stress
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what are limitations and precautions of relaxation?
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Persons with active psychosis (hallucinations and/or delusions) should not utilize guided imagery and/or visualization
When working with persons with personality disorders or a history of abuse guided imagery and/or visualization may be contraindicated |
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where did tai chi originate?
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china
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what is tai chi?
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though of as a "moving" meditation where the person moves his/her body slowly, gently with awareness
-utilizes breathing techniques similar to meditation |
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where did yoga originate?
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india
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what is yoga?
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Uses breathing, posture, stretching, and meditation to balance the body’s energy
Wide variety of yoga to engage in One of the top 10 CAMs utilized |
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what are limitations and precautions of yoga/tia chi?
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Persons with mobility issues should be encouraged to do chair exercises or utilize supports
Persons with health conditions should be encouraged to check with a health care professional prior to beginning |
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what is biofeedback?
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-Learning to control one’s muscle tension and involuntary body functioning (heart rate, skin temperature)
-Involves the use of electronic devices to measure and report back to the conscious mind information such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension -Typically used for pain but may be used to treat stress, insomnia, headaches -Various types including EMG, Temperature biofeedback, Galvanic skin response training |
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art therapy
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Drawing, painting, sculpting as a way to reconcile inner conflicts, release repressed emotions, foster self-awareness and personal growth
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Dance or movement therapy
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Can help a person integrate the emotional, physical, and cognitive facets of “self”
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music or sound therapy
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May stimulate opiates and endorphins and improve blood flow, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing, and postural changes
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limitations and precautions of art therapy/dance/music...
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Persons with traumatic/abusive pasts may require more time to process
Persons who are actively experiencing psychosis may not respond to loud/upbeat music |
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what is art therapy?
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drawing, painting, sculpting as a way to reconcile inner conflicts, relase repressed emotions, foster self-awareness and personal growth
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what is dance or movement therapy?
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can help a person integrate the emotional, physical, and cognitive facets of "self"
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what is music or sound therapy?
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may stimulate opiates and endorphines and improve blood flow, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing and postural changes
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what are limitations and precautions of art, dance, and music therapy?
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Persons with traumatic/abusive pasts may require more time to process
Persons who are actively experiencing psychosis may not respond to loud/upbeat music |
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what are manipulative and body based practices?
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massage and therapeutic touch
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what does massage enchance function of?
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muscle and connective tissue to enhance the function of those tissues and promote relaxation and well being
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what are limitations and precautions of massage?
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persons taking blood-thinning medications should avoid vigorous massage
-persons diagnosed with cancer or with recent physical trauma/injury/surgery should consult oncologist before deep tissue massages |
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what is therapeutic touch?
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based on the premise that it is the healing force of the therapist that affects the patient's recovery
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what is therapeutic touch focused on?
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specific technique focused on restoring balance and harmony in the energy field surrounding the body
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what may therapeutic touch reduce?
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tension, anxiety and pain
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what is reiki?
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healing practice originating in Japan
-based on belief that when spiritual energy is channeled through a Reiki practioner the patient's spirt is healed, which in turn heals the physical body |
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what is Qi gong?
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part of traditional chinese medicine combing movement, meditation, and breathing to enhance the flow of vital energy in the body
-may improve blood circulation and boost the immune function -may be used preventively or in response to a specific condition |
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which body practice can be used preventively?
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Qi gong
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self help or support groups
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-meetings involving people with similar needs
-facilitated by consumer -informal -free of charge -voluntary, anonymous and confidential |
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what are culturally based healing arts?
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they incorporate beliefs that wellness is a state of balance between spiritual, physical, and mental/emotional self
-acupuncture -ayurveda -yoga -native american traditional practices |
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why ot and CAMs?
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-impossible to treat body without consideration of mind and spirit
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what does an OT who wants to utilize CAMs in practice need to do?
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-complete an eval
-develop an intervention in collaboration with the client -conduct outcomes measurements before, during and after intervention |
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BEFORE and OT implements CAMs in practice they must:
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Decide whether he/she is competent to implement the CAM
Different CAMs require different education, training, and certification It is the responsibility of the OT to implement safe and effective interventions Be knowledgeable about the evidence regarding the CAM both scholarly and clinical Clearly articulate the benefits, risks, and limitations of utilizing a CAM Clearly articulate how the CAM fits into occupational therapy intervention including Clinical rationale or reasoning How the CAM supports or facilitates daily occupations Why the CAM is appropriate How the CAM is client-centered and relates to the goals identified by the client/patient |
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an OT utilizing CAMs must be in compliance with what?
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state OT Practice Acts and bill in compliance with state, federal, and 3rd party reimbursement regulations
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when a CAM requires additonal training whose responsiblity is it?
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OT's responsibility to meet local, state, and federal regulations and laws
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who should the OT contact if they are unsure of the regulations for using a CAM?
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OT board for their state
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are CAMs reimbursable by insurance companies?
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the answer is yes and no.
-they may or may not be and individuals will need to pay out-of pocket for service |
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why is there some resistance to using CAMs in the medical community?
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lack of strong evidence; however with evidence comes "respect" and incorporation of CAMs
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what is the biggest obstacle to implementing CAMs into practice?
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FUNDING
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how can CAMs be used as preparatory?
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Mechanism to open or close an intervention
To “prepare” an individual for the intervention Meant to increase progress, success, or outcomes of the intervention May include calming, focusing, stimulating, or relaxing activities |
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how can CAMs be used as purposeful activity?
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To learn, utilize a coping skill
To learn, utilize as an IADL (health management/maintenance, religious observance) To learn, utilize as part of rest and sleep To learn, utilize as part of leisure (exploration and participation) |
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what are some areas where CAMs have shown efficacy in treatment?
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ADHD
Anxiety Autism Bipolar Disorder Depression PTSD Schizophrenia -Natural Products Omega-3 may reduce negative symptoms for persons diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder Folate may reduce severity of symptoms of depression -Mind-Body Practices Acupuncture, yoga, meditation, and guided imagery may assist with anxiety and stress |
