Alterations Of Digestive Function

Front 1

GERD - Reflux esophagitis - Cause & Clinical manifestations

Back 1

- Conditions that increase abdominal pressure: vomiting, coughing, bending, lifting
- Heartburn, regurgitation of chyme, chronic cough, asthma, and upper abdominal pain 1 - 2 hours after eating

Front 2

Clinical manifestations and Treatment of Hiatal Hernia

Back 2

- Gastrointestinal reflux, dysphagia, heartburn, epigastric pain, regurgitation and substernal discomfort after eating
- Eat small meals, avoid recumbent position after eating, antacids, sleep in semi-upright position, weight loss, avoid tight clothing

Front 3

Severe Clinical Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis

Back 3

Diarrhea (10 - 20 per day), bloody stools, cramping, fever, elevated pulse rate, dehydration, weight loss, anemia

Front 4

Post Gastrectomy Syndromes –

Back 4

Dumping syndrome, anemia, bone and mineral disorder

Front 5

Clinical manifestations and causes of Dumping Syndrome

Back 5

Occurs when the contents of the stomach empty too quickly into the small intestine.
- Post gastrectomy

Front 6

Clinical manifestations and causes of anemia

Back 6

- Post gastrectomy

Front 7

Clinical manifestations and causes of bone and mineral disorder

Back 7

- Post gastrectomy

Front 8

Gastric Ulcers - Major cause & Clinical manifestations - Risk for CA

Back 8

- H. pylori infection and NSAID use
- pain-food-relief, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss
- Increased risk of gastric cancer

Front 9

Peptic Ulcer Dx - Duodenal - Bacterial cause

Back 9

- H. pyloria bacteria

Front 10

Type A Chronic Gastritis

Back 10

- Chronic fundal
- Most severe type
- Gastric mucosa degenerates extensively in the body and fundus of the stomach leading to gastric atrophy
- Increased risk for gastric carcinoma

Front 11

Crohn’s Dx - Risk of smoking

Back 11

- Smoking increases risk of developing sever disease

Front 12

Appendicitis - Clinical manifestations – RLQ, rebound tenderness

Back 12

- Gastric or periumbilical pain may be vague at first, increasing intensity over 3-4 hours
- May subside then reoccur in the RLQ, with rebound tenderness
- Nausea and vomiting, anorexia, and low grade fever are common

Front 13

Cleft Palate - Causes & Clinical manifestations

Back 13

- Maternal alcohol, maternal deficiency of B vitamins, tobacco use, maternal DM, maternal hyperhomocysteinemia
- Feeding difficulties, repeat infection of paranasal sinuses

Front 14

Colon & Rectal CA - Demographics & Risk factors

Back 14

- 3rd most common cancer and cancer death for both men and women in U.S.
- Usually affects ages > 50
- Increase in populations with higher socioeconomic standards
- Diet high in fat, low in fiber, cigarette and alcohol use, obesity, IBS, DMII, sedentary lifestyle, polyps and family history

Front 15

Pancreatitis - Clinical manifestation - Chronic pancreatitis – cause

Back 15

- Epigastric pain radiating to the back, fever and leukocytosis, hypotension and hypovolemia
- Chronic alcohol abuse

Front 16

Gallbladder - Cholelithiasis (most common formation) - Clinical manifestations (obstruction)

Back 16

- Abdominal pain and jaundice

Front 17

Hepatitis A Transmission and Risk Factors

Back 17

- Usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route
- Crowded, unsanitary conditions, food and water contamination

Front 18

Hepatitis B Transmission and Risk Factors

Back 18

- Transmitted through contact with infected blood, body fluids, or contaminated needles
- Maternal transmission can occur if the mother is infected during the third trimester

Front 19

Hepatitis C Transmission and Risk Factors

Back 19

- Responsible for most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis
- IV drug use

Front 20

Ped Chronic Hepatitis - Most common types & symptoms

Back 20

- Hepatitis B and C
- Malaise, anorexia, fever, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly, edema, and transient joint pain

Front 21

Prodromal

Back 21

- begins 2 weeks after exposure and ends with appearance of jaundice
- fatigue, anorexia, malaise, N&V, headache, hyperalgia, cough, low grade fever
- infection is highly transmissible

Front 22

Icteric

Back 22

- 1-2 weeks after prodromal, lasts 2-6 weeks
- jaundice, dark urine, clay colored stool
- liver is enlarged, smooth, and tender

Front 23

Recovery

Back 23

- begins with resolution of jaundice
- 6-8 weeks after exposure, symptoms diminish
- liver remains enlarged and tender
- function returns to normal 2-12 weeks after onset of jaundice

Front 24

Pyloric Stenosis - Clinical manifestations

Back 24

- projectile vomiting 1 to 2 weeks of age and again at 3 to 4 months
- weight loss, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration

Front 25

Meconium Ileus - Clinical manifestations & Relation to CF

Back 25

- Abd distension usually develops during the first few days after birth
- Infant begins to vomit soon after birth
- Infants with CF may have signs of pulmonary involvement (tachypnea, intercostal restrictions, grunting)
- Hyperactive peristalsis, no stools

Front 26

Cystic Fibrosis - Clinical manifestations

Back 26

- Pancreas enzyme insufficiency
- Malabsorption of food, child will fail to grow and gain weight, fatty bulky stools, insulin deficiency

Front 27

Ped Hepatitis C - Risk factors

Back 27

- Maternal HIV
- Associated primarily with blood transfusions prior to 1992

Front 28

Type B Chronic Gastritis

Back 28

- Involves only the antrus
- Occurs more often than fundal
- Mucosal atrophy is rare