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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peritoneal Membranes |
membranes surrounding the digestive organs in the abdomen |
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pleural membranes |
membranes that surround the lungs allow the lungs to expand |
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sebaceous glands |
secrete sebum (oil) |
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thyroid gland |
gland that regulates body metabolism produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine |
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endocrine gland |
pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland are examples secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream |
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Sudoriferous glands |
sweat glands secrete perspiration excrete wastes and regulate body heat |
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thymus gland |
secretes thymosin that is responsible for the maturation of "T" cells |
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lacrimal gland |
located on the upper, outer corner of each eye, secretes tears |
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Anterior Pituitary Gland |
FLAGSHIP TB endocrine gland in the head that produces Follicle stimulating hormone Leutinizing hormone Aderenocorticotropic hormone Growth hormone Stimulating Hormone Interstitial cell stimulating hormone Prolactin Thyroid stimulating hormone B-endorphins |
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Flagellum |
whip-like structure that resembles a "tail" on cells found on the sperm cell -- propels it forward in the reproductive tract as it moves towards the ovum |
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Cilia |
Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell membrane that sweep substances and debris across the surface of the cell |
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Rugae |
folds in the stomach that allow the stomach to expand |
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Progesterone Estrogen |
female sex hormones promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics (axillary ans pubic hair, breasts, female shape), development, implantation, & growth of the ovum |
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Testosterone |
male hormone promote development of secondary sex characteristics (facial, axillary, & pubic hair, increased muscle mass, & enlargement of male sex organs) |
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Normal flora |
Microorganisms that normally live in or on someone that do not normally make them sick |
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Neurotransmitters |
Chemical substances that allow the nerve impulse to travel from one nerve to another nerve or muscle |
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Glucagon |
Hormone from the pancreas that raises blood sugar |
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Insulin |
hormone produced and released by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar by moving glucose into cells |
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Melanin |
Substance produced by the skin in response to UV rays that results in tanning of the skin |
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Acne |
Blockage of the sebaceous glads Frequently occurs in teens |
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Bile |
substance made by the liver and stored by the gallbladder that aids in the digestion of fats |
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Chyme |
Name given to food that is digested in the stomach |
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Pericardial Membranes |
Membrane that surrounds the heart and holds the heart in place |
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Atria |
upper chambers of the heart that receive blood that is returning to the heart form the body (right) and the lungs (left) |
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Mitral/Bicuspid valve |
Heart valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Tricuspid valve |
Heart valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Aortic valve |
Heart valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta (largest artery in the body that takes blood to the body) |
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Pulmonic valve |
Heart valve that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (going to the lungs) |
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Ventricles |
Lower chambers of the heart that pump the blood to the lungs and the body |
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Left Atrium |
part of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs |
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Right Atrium |
part of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body |
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Artery |
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
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Arterioles |
smallest arteries that lie between the arteries and the capillaries |
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Capillary |
Blood vessel that allows the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and wastes between the blood vessels and cells |
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Veins |
blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart |
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radial artery |
pulse located on the thumb side of the wrist that is normally used in most healthcare setting to take a pulse in children & adults |
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Brachial Artery |
Artery located in the upper arm near the bend of the elbow that is used for measuring blood pressure in adults & taking the pulse of infants during CPR |
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Carotid pulse |
Pulse located in the neck that is used to take in adults during CPR |
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Pulse |
Measure of the flow of blood against the artery as blood is pumped from the heart; indicates the number of times per minute that the heart beats normal pulse for an adult is 60-90 heartbeats (beats) per minute |
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Systolic pressure |
Top number of the blood pressure reading which indicates the pressure against the walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the heart are contracting (squeezing) |
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Diastolic pressure |
Bottom number of the blood pressure reading which indicates the pressure against the walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the heart are relaxing (not squeezing, they are resting and filling with blood) |
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Normal body temperature |
97.6 Axillary 98.6 oral 99.6 rectal |
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Metabolism |
Use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy |
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Tachycardia |
Faster than normal heart rate 100 or more beats per minute (BPM) |
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Bradycardia |
slower than normal heart rate <60 beats per minute (BPM) |
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Hypothalamus |
Part of the brain that regulates body temperature, thirst sensation, apatite, and water balance |
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Sinuses |
Cavaties in the cranial bones Lightens the skull Provides resonance for sounds (voice) |
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Meninges |
Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord 3 layers from inside to outside: Pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater |
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Medulla Oblongata |
Part of the brain stem that regulates the vital signs (Contains the vital centers) |
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Cerebellum |
Part of the brain responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium |
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Brainstem |
3 parts: midbrain - a relay center Pons - regulates respiratory patterns Medulla Oblongata - contain vital centers for blood pressure, pulse, and respiration |
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Neuroglia |
Nerve cells that function to take care of the neurons |
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Neuron |
Nerve cells that conducts electrical impulses |
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Cranial bones |
Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid |
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Femur |
Long bone in the upper leg or thigh area |
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Humerus |
Long bone of the upper arm |
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Patella |
knee bone |
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Flat bone |
Scapula, clavicle, cranium, sternum, ribs |
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Tibia |
Long bone in the anterior portion of the lower leg, also known as the "shin bone" |
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Auditory ossicles (ear bones) |
Malleus, incus, stapes (MIS) |
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Diaphragm |
Major muscle that is responsible for breathing Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Epiglottis |
FLAP that closes off the opening to the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs |
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Epididymis |
Tube that connects the testicle to the vas deferens in the male reproductive system |
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Nephron |
Functional unit of the urinary system Makes urine by filtering blood to remove wastes |
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Meatus |
External opening of a tube (such as the opening where urine exits the body) |
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Urinary bladder |
Located in the pelvic cavity Stores urine until it is expelled from the body |
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Urethra |
Tube-like organ in the unary system tract that moves urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Males have a longer urethra than women so women are more prone to urinary tract infections |
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Ovary |
Female reproductive organ that produces Progesterone &estrogen and produces the mature ovum |
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Uterus |
Female reproductive organ in the pelvic cavity where the fertilized ovum implants & the fetus grows during pregnancy |
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Parts of the uterus |
Fundus - uppermost part Body - Middle section Cervix - lowermost part that protrudes slightly into the vagina |
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Gallbladder |
Structure located near the liver that stores bile |
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cecum |
First part of the large intestine where material enters from the small intestine |
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Parts of the small intenstine |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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Rectum |
last part of the large intestine that stores fecal material before it is discharged from the body |
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subcutaneous |
innermost layer of the skin contains adipose tissue which serves to stimulate the body |
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Alveoli |
Microscopic balloon-like structures in the respiratory system (function units) where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchange in the lungs |
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Pancreas |
Organ behind the stomach that produces insulin, glucagon, and digestive enzymes |
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Rods |
Structures located on the retina that are responsible for night vision (low light) |
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Cones |
Structures located on the retina responsible for color vision |
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Cochlea |
Structure in the inner ear that is responsible for hearing (contains the Organ of Corti) |
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Menopause |
When menstruation stops normally occurs between 45 &60 years of age |
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Lactation |
Secretion of milk from the mammary glands |
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Fertilization |
Union of the sperm and ovum that normally occurs in the fallopian tube |
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Menstruation |
Inner lining of the uterus is discharged/shed from the vagina, normally occurs monthly in mature females starting in puberty and ending in menopause |
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Hysterectomy |
Surgical removal of the uterus |
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Tubal Ligation |
Surgical sterilization procedure for females where the fallopian tube is cut to prevent the sperm from reaching the ovum/prevent the ovum from moving to the uterus; prevents pregnancy |
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Vasectomy |
Surgical sterilization procedure for males where the vas deferens is cut to prevent the sperm form being transferred to the female |
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Adrenal Gland |
Produces steroids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine |
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Exocrine Gland |
Lacrimal (tears), salivary glands, and ceruminal glands (earwax) are examples secrete substances through a duct (tube) into a surface of the body |
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SOB |
Shortness ob breath |
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Aphasia |
unable to speak |
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acute pain |
Acute = sudden onset acute pain starts suddenly and is usually of short duration -- less than 6 months (ex. Chest pain associated with a heart attack) |
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Chronic pain |
pain that usually starts gradually and is of longer duration (>6 months) |
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Pathogen |
Microorganism that is harmful and can cause an infection |
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Reservior |
person or object where an infectious microorganisms lives |
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Homeostasis |
body's continual response to changes in the internal and external environments to maintain a state of balance |
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essential nutrents |
nutrients that must be consumed because the body cannot make adequate amounts of them to meet its needs |
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special diets |
Regular- normal diet, eats anything soft- food with soft texture, easy to digest Liquid (full or clear depending on types of liquids)- anything that is liquid at room temperature; used to rest digestive system Calorie controlled- treats obesity; low calories High Carbohydrate- treats underweight Low sodium- used for people with high blood pressure |
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major Nutrients (Macronutrients) |
Major source of nutrition for the body Carbohydrates: pasta, bread, potatoes, fruit, "sugar" Protein- meat, fish, legumes, chicken, soy, Fats- utter, margarine, oils |
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Gastritis |
inflammation of the lining of the stomach |
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Hemiparesis |
weakness on one side of the body |
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Hypotention |
Blood pressure that is lower than normal Normal is: 120−140/60−88 |
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Hypertension |
Blood pressure that is higher than normal high blood pressure |
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Glaucoma |
disorder of the eyes caused by buildup of fluid and pressure inside of the eye |
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arthritis |
inflammation of the joints |
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peristalsis |
wave like motions of the digestive tract that move food through the tract |
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TB (tuberculosis) |
airborne bacterial infection that is highly contagious and affects the lungs and other body organs |
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Cystitis |
urinary tract infection s/s: fever, hematuria, burning sensation when urinating, urinary frequency treated with antibiotics |
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- pnea and related terms |
word root that means "breathing" apnea - without (not) breathing bradypnea - slow breathing tachypnea - fast breathing dyspnea - difficult or painful breathing |
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Vasculitis |
inflammation of a blood vessel vascular = blood vessel -itis = inflammation |
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Dyslexia |
difficulty learning to read |
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Diplopia |
Double vision |
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Strain |
Injury to a muscle usually due to overexertion or lifting |
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Renal Calculi |
kidney stone |
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Arrythmia |
irregular heart rhythm |
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Obesity |
Disease that results in an excess of body weight |
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Ringworm |
a fungal infection that produces a red ring on the skin |
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atherosclerosis |
Accumulation of fatty deposits (plaques) on the inner lining of the arteries associated with increased risk for heart attacks |
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Osteoporosis |
condition where bones become porous, brittle, and prone to break easily due to lack of or loss of calcium in the bones |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
Nervous system disease that results for the degeneration of the myelin sheath around the axon slows the transmission of the nerve impulses |
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COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) |
Chronic lung disease condition that causes shortness pf breath (SOB) and barrel chest |
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ASCH |
Atherosclerotic heart disease Thickening and hardening of the walls of the coronary arteries |
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Myocardial Infarction |
Blockage of coronary artery that results in the loss of blood flow to the heart muscle; causes death of the heart muscles cells, scarring, and loss of function of that part of the heart |
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Hypoglycemia |
Low blood sugar |
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Embolism |
clot that breaks free and moves to another part of the body |
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Fracture |
broken bone |
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Catatracts |
Disorder of the eye that results in a clouding of the lens of the eye |
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Anemia |
Disease or disorder related to poor nutritional intake or inability yo absorb iron in the diet |
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Cyst |
Fluid filled sac |
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Hyperglycemia |
High blood sugar |
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Cyanosis |
Blue coloration of the skin that results from a lack of oxygen to the area Frequently seen in respiratory or cardiovascular disorders |
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Pleurisy |
Inflammation of the pleural membranes surrounding the lungs |
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Malnutrition |
Poor nutrition or lacking adequate nutritional intake |
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Orthodontist |
Dental professional/Dentist who specializes in straightening of the teeth |
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Thrombus |
Stationary clot (Clot that does not move) |
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thoracic cavity |
"chest cavity" situated above the diaphragm contains heart, lungs, great vessles |
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Functions of the skin |
Protection touch reception excrete wastes through sweat regulate body temperature |
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Transverse plane |
Divides body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts |
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Proximial |
Closer to the point of attachment EX: Elbow is proximal to the fingers; Knee is proximal to the ankles |
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Distal |
"distant" farther away form the point of attachment EX: toes are distal to the knee fingers are distal to the wrist |
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3 layers of the skin |
epidermis - outtermost dermis - middle layer (true skin) subcutaneous - innermost layer |
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Cranial cavity |
Inthe head (cranium) Contains the brain |
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Skeletal system |
Made up of the bones, ligaments, and tendons protects the organs and other structures of the body |
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Major parts of the urinary system |
2 kidneys - makes urine 2 ureters - takes urine form kidneys to bladder 1 bladder - stores urine 1 urethra - takes urine from bladder to outside the body |
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Functions of the large intestines |
Absorb water Make vitamins Excrete wastes |
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Neoplasm |
New growth of tissue Neo- means new Plasm- means tissue or living substance |
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-uria and related terms |
root word that refers to urine Dysuria - difficult or painful urination Anuria - lack of urine production Hematurria - blood in the urine |
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Portal of exit |
How an infectious microorganism gets out of the reservoir |
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Ventral cavity |
cavity in the front Divided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
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Respiratory System |
System of the body that is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Contains the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli |
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Dorsal Cavity |
Posterior cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord |
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Halitosis |
Bad breath |
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Olfaction |
Refers to the sense of smell |
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Frontal (coronal) plane |
Divides the body into front and back parts |
