Allergies, Asthma, Copd

Front 1

Epinephrine

Back 1

acts of adrengeric receptors (1) ;
can be given IM, SC, or IV ;
dilates the airway, stabilizes mast cells, increases cardiac performance(beta agonist) ;
increases peripheral resistance(alpha agonist) ;
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR TREATMENT OF LIFE-THREATENING ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS

Front 2

Isoproterenol

Back 2

B-Adrenergic Agonist (1)
selective beta-2 bronchodilators ;
usually not used due to cardiac arrhythmias

Front 3

Metaproterenol (Alupent) ;
Albuterol (Ventolin) ;
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) ;
Terbutaline (Brethine, Bricanyl) ;
Pirbuterol (Maxair)

Back 3

Beta-Adrenergic Agonist (5) ;
short acting ;
bronchodilator and inhibits release of autocoids ;
act quickly and are effective in treating acute asthma

Front 4

Theophylline (Theodur)

Back 4

METHYLXANTHINES (1) ;
cause bronchodilation and inhibit release of mediators ;
increase cAMP in smooth muscle or decrease histamine which blocks bronchoconstriction ;
take orally w/ others in severe asthma ;
SE: mild-nausea, vomit, headache
severe-cardiac arrythmias, seizures
*narrow therapeutic window--monitor

Front 5

Aminophylline

Back 5

METHYLXANTHINES (1) ;
prodrug of theophylline ;
increase cAMP in smooth muscle or decrease histamine which blocks bronchoconstriction ;
more water soluble, give IV for severe asthma
SE: mild-nausea, vomit, headache
severe-cardiac arrythmias, seizures
*narrow therapeutic window--monitor

Front 6

Beclomethasone (QVAR, Vanceril, Beconase) ;
Flunisolide (Aerobid, Nasarel) ;
Triamcinolone (Azmacort, Nasocort) ;
Fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase) ;
Budesonide (Pulmicort, Rhinochort) ;
Mometasone (Asmanex, Nasonex) ;
Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris)

Back 6

CORTICOSTEROID - inhaled (7) ;
anti-inflammatory, inhibit recruitment of leukocytes ;
very effective prophylactic, not acute ;
SE: cataracts, Cushing syndrome, suppress immune system

Front 7

Prednisone ;
Methylprednisolone

Back 7

CORTICOSTEROID - oral (2) ;
anti-inflammatory, inhibit recruitment of leukocytes ;
very effective prophylactic, not acute ;
SE: cataracts, Cushing syndrome, suppress immune, etc

Front 8

Cromolyn Sodium (Intal)

Back 8

MAST CELL STABILIZER (1) ;
inhibit release of histamine ;
used for prophylactic treatment--not acute) ;
Uses: allergic rhinitis and conjuctivitis, GI allergies ;
SE: infrequent but cough, dry mouth, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema

Front 9

Monteleukast (Singulair)
Zafirleukast (Accolate)

Back 9

LEUKOTRIENE MODULATORS (2) ;
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist ;
reduces frequency and severity of asthma attacks ;
don't work well in in acute attacks ;
take orally, one can be used for seasonal allergies

Front 10

Zileuton (Zyflo)

Back 10

LEUKOTRIENE MODULATOR (1) ;
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ;
reduces frequency and severity of asthma attacks ;
can cause hepatotoxicity ;
take orally, QID

Front 11

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Back 11

ANTIMUSCARINIC (1) ;
prevent bronchospasms induced by acetylcholine ;
tendency to dry secretions ;
quarternary ammonium--not well absorbed, few systemic effects

Front 12

Tiotropium (Spiriva) ;
Aclidinium (Tudorza)

Back 12

ANTIMUSCARINIC (2) ;
prevent bronchospasms induced by acetylcholine ;
tendency to dry secretions ;
can be used in COPD

Front 13

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Back 13

ANTI-IgE (1) ;
monoclonal antibody ;
treatment of moderate-severe allergy-associated asthma ;
given parenterally (can have allergic reaction)

Front 14

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ;
Fexofenadine (Allegra) ;
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) ;
Loratadine (Claritin, Alavert)

Back 14

H1 Histamine Antagonists (4) ;
initial drugs of choice ;
limit effect on airways but can reduce symptoms at other sites
USES: mild allergies(season rhinitis, contact dermatitis)

Front 15

Early Phase of Asthma

Back 15

1-30 minutes after interaction with allergen ;
release of histamine

Front 16

Late Phase of Asthma

Back 16

6-72 hours after interaction with allergen ;
recruit macrophages and leukotrienes

Front 17

Asthma

Back 17

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways ;
episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing ;
intermittent reversible obstruction of the airways ;
CD4---->eosinophils

Front 18

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Back 18

preventable and treatable disease ;
airflow limitation(progressive) that is not full reversible ;
abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases