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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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first cell to appear in acute inflammatory reaction
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PMN or neutrophils
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PMN (neutrophils) contain ???
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hydrolases, neutral proteases, and lysosomes
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once activated, PMN's produce ?
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hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide...which aid in killing bacteria
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function of eosinophils in host defense
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unclear, but are recruited by inflammatory cells at sites of parasitic infection, tumors, and allergic reacions
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comprise 0.5 to 1% of circulating granulocytes
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basophils
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basophils have these on their surface
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IgE receptors which function similar to mast cells
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Mast cells are located where ?
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tissue fixed in perivascular spaces of the lung, skin, and intestine
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provide immediate hypersensitivity resonse
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Mast cell
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Mast cells have what type of receptor on their surface
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IgE
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mast cells stimulated by ?
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immune and non-immune stimuli
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process of a mast cell reacting is called
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degranulation
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these are released on degranulation of mast cell
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histamine and cytokines...which cause a allergic reaction
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interleukins are
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group of cytokines that facilitate the communication between leukocytes
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interleukins are a subset of
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cytokines
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mech of action for cytokines
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inflammatory cell activators synth by macrophages to act as messenger and activate endothelial and white cells
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Interleukin-1 (Il-1) and tumor necrsis factor(TNF) produce ?
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fever, neuropeptide release, endothelial cell activation, neutrophil priming, hypotension, myocardial suppression, and a catabolic state
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interleukins come from ?
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T-cell lymphocytes
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ways to recognize bacteria
-complement system- |
phagocytosis(chemotaxis)
adherence of phago to antigen (opsonization, and cell lysis |
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complement system contains how many different proteins
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approx 20, that bind to active antibodies, other complement protein, and cell membranes
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activation of complement system
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1. IgG or IgM binding to antigen
2. plasmin through traditional pathway 3. endotoxin 4. drugs through alternate pathway |
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name of alernate pathway in complement system
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properdin
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important pathological manifestation of complement activation
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acute pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with protamine administration
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allergy classified by these two people initially
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Gell and Coombs
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types of allergies
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I-IV
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type I reaction is
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immediate, anaphylactic type. extrinsic asthma and allergic rhinitis
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in type I, mediators are released from ??
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mast cells and basophils..after antigen binding to IgE antibodies on surface of these cells
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type II known as
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antibody dependant cell mediated cytotoxic
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type II mediated by
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IgG and IgM directed against antigens on the surface of foreign cells
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surface antigens on type II may be ?
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integral cell membrane components or haptens
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haptens ???
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absorb onto cell membrane and stimulate production of anti-hapten antibodies...autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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types of type II reactions
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ABO blood reaction
drug induced hemolytis anemia heparin induced thrombocytopenia |
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type III allergy reaction
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immune complex reaction. results from circulating soluble antigens and antibodies that bind to form insoluble complexes and deposit into microvasculature
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initiation of type III allergy reaction
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neutrophils are localized to the site of complement deposition and produce tissue damage
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example of type III
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snake venom
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type IV reactions aka
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delayed hypersensitivity reaction
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durations and times of type IV reactions
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manifest in 18-24hr, peak at 40-80hr, end 72-96hr
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type IV examples
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tissue rejection, graft vs host rejection, contact dermatitis, tb immunity
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the most common life threatening manifestations of an allergic reaction is...
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circulatory collapse
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circulatory collapse is result of ...
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profound vasodilation and decreased venous return
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possibly only noticable sign of allergic reaction in OR ..
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refractory hypotension
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term used when allergic reactions are life threatening
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anaphylactic
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when antibodies are not responsible or cannot be proven, called a ____rxn
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anaphylactoid
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anaphylactic and anaphylactoid rxn can/cannot be distinguished based on observation
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can not
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anaphylaxis is initiated by which Ig
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IgE
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re-exposure binds what on sell surface
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2 IgE, located on mast cell or basophil, releasing histamine, etc
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