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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Socrates and Plato
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ideas are innate; mind & body are separate
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Aristotle
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knowledge from experience; mind and body are connected
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Renee Descartes
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animal spirits flow through nerves for bodily movement
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John Locke
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the mind is a blank slate on which experience writes
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Est. 1st Psychological labratory in 1879, in Leipzig, Germany
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Titchener
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structuralism
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William James
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functionalism
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Pyschoanalytic theory
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unconscious forces and childhood experiences
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psychosexual theory
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Freud: oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
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psychosocial theory
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Erikson: balance 8 life crisies
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collective unconscious
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Jung: Sins of the father -- ancestral unconscious
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cognitive theory
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Piaget: mental activities associated with theory
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behaviorism
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Watson: only studies objective, observable phenomena
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classical conditioning
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Pavlov: condition stimuli to response
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operant conditioning
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Skinner: learning thru reinforcement and punishment
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social learning theory
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Bandura: observation and imitation -- modeling
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humanistic theory
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Rogers: emphasizes growth potential of healthy people
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hierarchy of wants
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Maslow: pyramid of requirements to fulfill toward self-actualization
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Difference between psychologists and psychiatrists
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Psychologists go to graduate school and receive a pHD -- assessments
Psychiatrists attend medical school and become MDs -- biomedical (more likely to give out medicine) |
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When Dr. Kinder-care explains that aggression in his study is the number of times of children hit, push, bite, slap, or grab another child, he is providing us with a(n) __________ of aggression.
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operational definition
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Alison dreamed that a handsome, witty guy she had met the previous day asker her for a date. When he actually did call her for a date several days later, Alison concluded that dreams accurately predict future events. Her belief best illustrates
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illusionary correlation
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The CNS is comprised of the ______, and _______ _____.
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brain and spinal cord
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Nerves outside of the CNS are called ________ nerves.
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processor
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The ______NS communicate with the muscles and skin, while the _______NS controls the organs like the heart and stomach.
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somatic and autonomic
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The ANS is comprised of two parts: the _________NS, which readies the body for "flight or flight," and the _________NS, which promotes bodily activities that take place during rest.
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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Hormones are chemicals released by glands in the __________ system.
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endocrine
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Your text lists four basic subdivisions of the cerebral cortex: the _________ lobe, the ________ lobe, the _________ lobe, and the _________ lobe.
(F, T, P, O) |
frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital
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Vesicles
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tubes inside presynaptic membrane that sore neurotransmitters
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cell body
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executive part of neuron with nucleus
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________ are strands of hereditary material found in the body's cells.
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chromosomes
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________ are sections along these strands that control the chemical reactions that direct individual development.
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genomes
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The term ___________ refers to the same genetic pairing (BB or bb), whereas __________ refers to different genetic pairing (Bb).
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homozygous and heterozygous
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Given that C=curly hair and c=straight hair, we know that curly hair is ______ and straight hair is ________.
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dominant and recessive
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Two parents are both Cc for hair formation, and they want to know what the likelihood is of their having a child with straight hair. (%)
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25%
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Who is the parent responsible for sex determination of their offspring?
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father
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Genetically controlled difference between males and females may result from _________.
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sex-linked genes
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In sex-linked genes, which sex is more strongly affected?
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males
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If a mother has one normal X chromosome, and one affected X chromosome, she appears "normal," but is termed a _______ because she can pass the affected X chromosome to her offspring, who may express the abnormality.
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carrier
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After fertilization the ovum and sperm become the _______.
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zygote
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If this zygote splits and two babies develop, they are __________ twins and share "identical" genetic information.
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monozygous
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If two ova are released and fertilized by two separate sperm, _________ twinning occurs and they are termed fraternal.
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dizygous
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_________ is the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female.
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gender
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_______-______ is the acquisition of traditional male or female traits and interests.
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gender-typing
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______-________ are the set of expected behaviors for males and females.
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gender-roles
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_________-_______ is our sense of being either male or female.
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gender-identity
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________ is the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
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culture
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A chromosomal disorder that is sometimes called trisomy-21 because it is caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosome is ______ ______.
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down syndrome
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The 38 weeks of prenatal development is called _________.
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gestation
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The first stage of prenatal development is called the _______ stage and lasts from fertilization to 2 weeks.
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germinal
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The second stage of prenatal development is called the _______ stage and lasts from 2 weeks to 8-12 weeks.
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embryonic
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The third and last stage of prenatal development is called the ______ stage and lasts from 8-12 weeks to birth.
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fetal
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________ are factors capable of causing birth defects.
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teratogens
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List one environmental influence on prenatal development cause by a maternal factor:
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the umbilical cord could become wrapped around the baby's neck
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An _______ is a high frequency sound wave picture of the fetus in uterus.
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ultrasound
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_________-_______ is our sense of being either male or female.
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gender-identity
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________ is the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
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culture
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A chromosomal disorder that is sometimes called trisomy-21 because it is caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosome is ______ ______.
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down syndrome
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The 38 weeks of prenatal development is called _________.
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gestation
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The first stage of prenatal development is called the _______ stage and lasts from fertilization to 2 weeks.
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germinal
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The second stage of prenatal development is called the _______ stage and lasts from 2 weeks to 8-12 weeks.
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embryonic
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The third and last stage of prenatal development is called the ______ stage and lasts from 8-12 weeks to birth.
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fetal
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________ are factors capable of causing birth defects.
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teratogens
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List one environmental influence on prenatal development cause by a maternal factor:
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the umbilical cord could become wrapped around the baby's neck
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An _______ is a high frequency sound wave picture of the fetus in uterus.
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ultrasound
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The first stage of childbirth is _____.
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labor
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There are 3 phases in the first stage: ______, _______, and _______.
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early, active, and transitional
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The purpose of this stage is two-fold: __________ and _______.
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dilation and effacement
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The second stage of childbirth is ______.
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pushing
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The third stage of childbirth is ________ of the ______.
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delivery and baby
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The fourth stage of childbirth is ________ of the ________.
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delivery and placenta
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The fifth stage of the childbirth is __________.
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recovery
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A __________ delivery surgically removes the baby from the uterus through incision.
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caesarian (C-section)
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The first 4 weeks of life is called the _________ period.
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neonate
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When a baby is born 36 weeks, he is considered_________. When a baby is born after 42 weeks, she is considered _________.
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premature and postmature
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The US ranks __________ in low infant mortality rates.
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25th
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What is the leading cause of infant death?
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SIDS
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The principles of development that follow a head to tail direction and midline to extremity, respectively, are called.......
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cephalocaudal and proximodistal
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Brain cells that send and receive impulses are called __________.
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neurons
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