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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Manufacture of Alkenes
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Don't occur naturally - made from cracking
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Boiling Point of Alkenes (3)
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Lower melting points and boiling points
- Rigidity of double bond doesn't allow them to pack together as easily - Weaker London forces |
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Describe Alkene → Alkane
(e.g Ethene → Ethane) |
- Addition
- Hydrogen - Nickel catalyst at 180C or platinum |
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Alkene + Halogen
Describe Ethene + Bromine → 1, 2, dibromoethane |
- Electrophillic Addition
- Halogen (X) - Mix at room temp |
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Alkene + Hydrogen Halide
Describe Ethene + HBr → Bromoethane |
- Electrophillic addition
- Hydrogen Halide (HX) - Mix at room temp |
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Test for Alkene
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Bromine water
Brown → colourless |
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Markovnikoffs Rule
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Applies to asymmetrical alkenes
- Hydrogen atom goes to carbon with the most hydrogens already attached |
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Explanation of M's Rule
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- Secondary and tertiary carbocations more stable
- Pushing effect explained by difference in electronegativities of C and H - Carbon becomes δ- and pushes electrons to other |
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Alkene + Potassium Manganate → 1, 2 diol
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- Oxidation
- Potassium manganate - Shake together at room temp |
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Define Hazard
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When something/substance is potentially dangerous/toxic/harmful
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Define Risk
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The probability of a hazard happening
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Minimizing Risk
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- Using a fume cupboard
- Using water bath for heating - Using dilute solutions (slower reactions) |
