Alimentary Pathology 1

Front 1

Which type of epithelium lines the: mouth, oesophagus, non-glandular part of stomach of pigs and horses, forestomachs of ruminants and anus?

Back 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 2

Which type of epithelium lines the stomach or abomasum through to large intestine?

Back 2

Simple columnar glandular epithelium

Front 3

Which glands are in the stomach epithelium?

Back 3

Simple tubular glands

Front 4

What do parietal cells produce?

Back 4

HCl

Front 5

What do chief cells produce?

Back 5

Pepsinogen

Front 6

What is the difference in the mucosa lining the large intestine (caecum->rectum)

Back 6

Mucosa lacks villi

Contains mucus-secreting cells

Front 7

What is the purpose of saliva in defence?

Back 7

Flushing, antibacterial, increases pH

Front 8

Mucus?

Back 8

Protects surface

Front 9

What junctions are found between epithelial cells?

Back 9

Tight junctions

Front 10

What type of lymphocytes are found within the epithelium?

Back 10

Intraepithelial lymphocytes - T lymphocytes

Front 11

Name of lymphoid aggregate in ileum?

Back 11

Peyer's patches

Front 12

Which antibody plays a crucial role in mucosal protection?

Back 12

IgA

Front 13

Brachygnathia superior/inferior

Back 13

Short maxilla/mandible

Front 14

Prognathia

Back 14

Long maxilla/mandible

Front 15

Palatoschisis

Back 15

Cleft palate - inadequate growth of palatine shelves (hard or soft palate)

Front 16

What can palatoschisis lead to?

Back 16

Aspiration pneumonia

Suckling problems

Front 17

Cheiloschisis

Back 17

Hard lip - absence of part of lip rostral to nasal septum

Front 18

Stomatitis

Back 18

Inflammation of oral cavity

Front 19

Glossitis

Back 19

Inflammation of tongue

Front 20

Gingivitis

Back 20

Inflammation of gingiva

Front 21

Which species of bacteria can cause wooden tongue and lumpy jaw in cattle?

Back 21

Actinobacillosis - wooden tongue - Actinobacillus lignieresii

Actinomycosis - lumpy jaw - Actinomyces bovis

Front 22

Which type of inflammation is seen with these infections?

Back 22

Granulomatous inflammation

Front 23

What eosinophilic inflammation lesion is common in cats?

Back 23

Oral eosinophilic granuloma

Front 24

What causes this?

Back 24

Immune-mediated

Front 25

What type of inflammation and illness does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause?

Back 25

Necrotising inflammation and calf diptheria

Front 26

What is contained within catarrhal exudate?

Back 26

Mucus, epithelial cells, neutrophils

Front 27

What is a diphtheritic membrane?

Back 27

Membrane formed containing fibrin and necrotic cellular debris and inflammatory cells

Front 28

How are vesicles formed by hydropic degeneration?

Back 28

Cells of stratum spinosum layer swell and undergo necrosis, leaving fluid-filled space (vesicle/blister)

Front 29

What do the vesicles coalesce to form?

Back 29

Bullae

Front 30

What may happen to vesicles?

Back 30

Rupture to form erosions

May heal by epithelial regeneration or progress to ulcers (esp. if infected)

Front 31

How else may ulcers be formed?

Back 31

Bacteria

Immune-mediated diseases

Trauma

Front 32

Which feline viruses cause oral ulceration

Back 32

Feline calicivirus

Feline herpes virus

Front 33

What does bovine viral diarrhoea disease cause?

Back 33

Ulceration of oral cavity, muzzle, more distal alimentary tract

Front 34

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

Back 34

Immune-mediated disease -> blisters form

Front 35

Contagious pustular dermatitis

Back 35

Orf in sheep - firm, raised papules and pustules on lips and oral mucosa - hydropic degeneration, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, secondary bacterial infection

Front 36

What does an erosion do to stratified squamous epithelium?

Back 36

Loss of partial thickness of epithelium

Front 37

Ulcer?

Back 37

Loss of entire epithelium down to or deeper than basement membrane

Front 38

Erosion to simple glandular epithelium?

Back 38

Loss of epithelium and partial loss of lamina propria thickness

Front 39

Ulcer?

Back 39

Loss of epithelium and entire lamina propria, sometimes extends into submucosa

Front 40

Anal?

Back 40

YES #emmanal

Front 41

What appearance of lesion do papillomas cause?

Back 41

Cauliflower-like lesions

Front 42

What does the histology of these lesions look like?

Back 42

Thick squamous epithelium over pedunculated fibrous stroma

Front 43

What is the commonest oral malignancy in cats?

Back 43

Squamous cell carcinoma

(often on ventrolateral tongue)

Front 44

What do SCCs appear like?

Back 44

Elevated, firm, white plaques or nodules

May ulcerate

May be circular pearls of keratin

Front 45

What is their histology?

Back 45

Irregular masses and cords of squamous epithelium invading lamina propria

Front 46

What is the most common oral neoplasm in the dog?

Back 46

Melonoma (nearly always malignant in oral cavity)

Front 47

Which cells are melanomas a tumour of?

Back 47

Pigment-producing melanocytes

Front 48

What is an amelanotic melanoma?

Back 48

Unpigmented melanoma

Front 49

What shape are melanocytes?

Back 49

Oval or spindle-shaped

Front 50

What is an epulis/epulides?

Back 50

Benign neoplasm of periodontal origin

Front 51

Which breeds do these affect?

Back 51

Brachycephalic breeds e.g. boxers

Front 52

Which region are they often found in?

Back 52

Carnassial/canine region

Front 53

What is their histology?

Back 53

Collagenous and sometimes ossified tissue

Covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Descends into stroma in cords

Front 54

Segmental aplasia of oesophagus

Back 54

Rare failure of fusion -> band of fibrous tissue where distal oesophagus should be

Front 55

Achalasia

Back 55

Failure of cardiac sphincter to open

Front 56

Megaoesophagus

Back 56

Dilated oesophagus lacks peristalsis ->accumulation of ingesta

Front 57

What may cause this?

Back 57

Neuromuscular disorder

Obstruction

Front 58

Sequel?

Back 58

Aspiration pneumonia

Front 59

Which developmental disorder is common in Great Dane, German Shepherd, Siamese cat?

Back 59

Vagus nerve or motor nucleus

Front 60

Dysautonomia in horses

Back 60

Equine grass sickness

Front 61

What nutritional deficiency may cause myodegeneration in oesophagus?

Back 61

Vitamin E/selenium deficiency

Front 62

Where are common sites for obstruction to occur?

Back 62

Thoracic inlet

Base of heart

Cardiac sphincter

Front 63

Healing may cause

Back 63

Narrowing -> stricture

Front 64

Extrinsic obstruction?

Back 64

Outside wall

e.g. vascular ring anomaly -> persistent right aortic arch -> cranial megaoesophagus

Front 65

Reflux oesophagitis

Back 65

Oesophagitis - damage from gastric acid caused by reflux or vomiting -> may lead to ulcers

Front 66

Papillomatosis

Back 66

Bovine papillomavirus type 4 -> squamous cell carcinoma if bracken fern toxins present

Front 67

Leiomyoma

Back 67

Benign tumour of smooth muscle