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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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digestive processes
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ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation
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peristalsis
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major means of propulsion, adjeacent segments of the alimentary canal relax and contract
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segmentation
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rhythmic local contractions of the intestine, mixes food with digestive juices
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peritoneum
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serous membrane
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peritoneal cavity
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slit like potential space
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mesentery
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double layer of peritoneum fused together, holds organs in place, sites of fat storage, provides route for circulatory vessels and nerves
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retroperitoneal organs
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behind peritoneum
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peritoneal organs
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digestive organs that keep their mesentery
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4 layers of alimentary canal
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa(circular muscularis, longitudinal muscularis)
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mucosa
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innermost layer, consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae
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submucosa
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external to the mucosa, contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers
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muscularis externa
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external to submucousa, circular muscularis, longitudinal muscularis
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serosa
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visceral peritoneum - outermost layer
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nerve plexuses
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myenteric nerve plexus, submucosal nerve plexus
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pharynx
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oropharynx and laryngopharynx - passages for air and food, lined with stratified squamous epithelium, external muscle layer - superior middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors (voluntary)
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esophagus gross anatomy
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muscular tube, begins as a continuation of the pharynx, joins the stomach inferior to the diaphragm
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esophagus microscopic anatomy
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stratified squamous epithelium, mucosa and submucosa in longitudinal folds, mucous glands, muscularis externa, adventitia
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esophagus mucous glands
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primarily tubuloalveolar glands
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esophagus muscularis externa
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skeletal muscle first 1/3 of length
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most external layer of esophagus
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adventitia
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stomach
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food is churned into chyme, protein digestion begins, secretes pepsin - functions under acidic conditions
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small intestine gross anatomy
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longest portion of a. canal, site of most enzymatic digestion
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three subdivisions of sm. intestine
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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duodenum
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receives digestive enzymes and bile, main pancreatic duct and common bile duct
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sm. intestine modifications for absorption
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circular folds(plicae circulares), villi, microvilli
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plicae circulares
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transverse ridges of mucosa and submucosa
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villi
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finger-like projections of the mucosa, covered with simple columnar epithelium
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microvilli
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further increase surface area of absorption
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absorptive cells
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uptake digested nutrients
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goblet cells
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secrete mucus that lubrictes chyme
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enteroendocrine cells
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secrete hormones
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intestinal cripts
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epithelial cells secrete intestinal juice
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large intestine
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digested residue contains few nutrients, small amount of digestion by bacteria, main fxn: absorb water ane electrolytes, mass peristaltic movements
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divisions of large intestine
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cecum, vermiform appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
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special features of lg. intestine
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teniae coli, haustra, epiploic appendages
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cecum
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blind pouch
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vermiform appendix
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contains lymphoid tissue
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colon
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divided into distinct segments - ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
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rectum
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descends along the inferior half of the sacrum
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anal canal
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last subdivison of the large intestine
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microscopic anatomy of lg intestine
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no villi, numerous goblet cells, intestinal crypts - simple tubular glands, simple columnar epi, in colon - strat squamous epi
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brunners glands
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submucosa of duodenum ONLY, produce alkaline mucus to neutralize the pH of chyme so pancreatic enzymes can function
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Peyers patches
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ileum ONLY, lymphatic nodules
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