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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The term nadir refers to
the average number of days it takes for chemotherapy to have its peak effect on the bone marrow. |
Nadir refers to the average number of days it takes for a chemotherapeutic drug to have its peak effect on the bone marrow, which would coincide with the patient’s lowest blood count and highest risk for infection and/or bleeding.
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Which is a general adverse effect of chemotherapy? (Select all that apply.)
Thrombocytopenia Alopecia |
Bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia) and alopecia are common adverse reactions to antineoplastic drugs. Urinary retention and leukocytosis are not expected side effects.
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Prednisone added to a chemotherapeutic regimen contributes to which therapeutic effect?
Sense of well-being and euphoria |
Prednisone is added to the chemotherapeutic regimen to increase the patient’s sense of well-being. It can also increase blood glucose levels, cause fluid retention, and increase the risk of infection, but these are not therapeutic effects. It does not help decrease the risk of bleeding.
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Combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs are frequently used for which purpose? (Select all that apply.)
Preventing drug resistance Providing a synergistic action Decreasing the severity of adverse effects |
Administering a combination of antineoplastic drugs allows for smaller doses of each, which can minimize the severity of side effects and help prevent drug resistance. Additionally, there is a synergistic action between some of the medications. Decreasing cost is not a benefit of combination therapy.
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The nurse would anticipate administering which medication to patients receiving high-dose methotrexate (Trexall)?
Leucovorin calcium |
Leucovorin calcium is given within the first 24 to 42 hours of starting methotrexate to block the systemic toxic effect of high-dose methotrexate. It is a form of folic acid that does not require dihydrofolate reductase to produce folic acid. Therefore it is used to prevent or treat toxicity induced by methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist. All the other options are chemotherapeutic drugs, which are not specifically associated with methotrexate.
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Nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects associated with antineoplastic therapy. Patients who are experiencing this unpleasant effect will be advised
to try to maintain hydration and nutrition, which are very important during treatment. |
It is very important for patients undergoing chemotherapy to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration. Several antiemetic drugs are available that are very successful in controlling this side effect.
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When teaching a patient receiving paclitaxel (Taxol), the nurse needs to prepare the patient for which adverse effect?
Arthralgias |
Myalgias and arthralgias are a common side effect of paclitaxel that the patient should be prepared to expect.
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