Alcohol And Nutrition

Front 1

It is the by-product of ______breakdown by yeast. These organisms cleave glucose into ethanol (ethyl alcohol), CO2 and water.

It contains food energy-7 calories/gram but is not considered a nutrient because of the negative effects

It is soluble in both water and lipids

It is a central nervous system depressant AND a social stimulant

Back 1

glucose

Front 2

biological process used in alcohol production

Back 2

fermentation

Front 3

Disaccharides and monosaccharides are metabolized to ethanol during ______.
-fruit is used in the production of wine.
-grain is the carbohydrate source in beer but the grain is sprouted, then roasted. (malted-maltose)
-can ferment potatoes, honey – all carbohydrates

Back 3

fermentation

Front 4

The concentration of alcohol produces by fermentation is 10-15%. After that the yeast will die because alcohol is ______.

For other commercial forms of alcohol, the mix is distilled to separate the ethanol from the water. This concentrates the ethanol.
Proof is the term that indicates the concentration of alcohol in a alcoholic drink. It is twice the percentage of alcohol in the beverage. (80 proof = 40 %)

Back 4

toxic

Front 5

Small molecule
-No digestion needed. It does not break apart to a smaller molecule to get into the bloodstream
-Easily enters all cells-can cross membranes because of dual solubility (water and fat) and size, but it damages the proteins in membranes as it passes through.
-Enters bloodstream within seconds of drinking (on an empty stomach-alcohol can reach the brain in 1 minute)
-Can cross blood-brain barrier quickly.
-Alcohol travels with water

Back 5

alcohol in body

Front 6

Some alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is made by the stomach
-Alcoholics have less in the stomach than others
-Females have less ADH in the stomach than males Woman absorb 1/3 more alcohol than men do
-Generally, men metabolize ~30% of alcohol in the stomach
-Fasting promotes ADH breakdown
-Alcohol will enter intestine-again it’s directly absorbed and is carried to the liver (decreases absorption of other nutrients)

Back 6

in stomach

Front 7

_____ ____ ____–alcohol metabolized before nutrients because it is a toxin and can’t be stored. Other metabolism slows or stops so alcohol can be broken down-especially fat metabolism.
-Alcohol is metabolized at about 5-7 grams/hour for a 150 pound individual. (about ½ beer or ¼ mixed drink)

Back 7

first priority chemical

Front 8

Most alcohol is metabolized in the ___. If you drink a lot the liver can’t keep up with the amount and more ethanol is carried to other parts of the body (brain).

Back 8

liver

Front 9

Alcohol dehydrogenase (present in stomach, small intestines, liver)
Breaks down alcohol to acetaldehyde then to Acetyl CoA!
The acetaldehyde is TOXIC (carcinogenic-cancer-causing) to cells! There is a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and certain types of cancer.
Breaks down most of the alcohol in the body as long as drinking is moderate

Back 9

alcohol metabolism

Front 10

Called into play when ADH system is overloaded (excessive drinking)
This system is also used for some drug metabolism, INCLUDING sedatives, antidepressants and amphetamines.
If sedatives are taken with alcohol, the likelihood of overdose INCREASES because the body can’t metabolize the drug as fast. The alcohol is metabolized first.

Back 10

MEOS (microsomal ethanol oxidizing system)

Front 11

When the liver can’t metabolize alcohol quickly enough it is carried to other parts of the body by the _____. This includes the lungs, where, because of its small size, readily is exchanged with other gases and is carried out of the body by the breath.

This is why breathalyzers can indicate how much alcohol a person has drunk.

Back 11

blood

Front 12

depresses production of immune system proteins
-depresses the secretion of antidiuretic hormone,increasing urination and water loss
-reduces use of fat in the liver, resulting in a high LDL and triglyceride blood level
Encourages accumulation of body fat especially in the central abdominal area (‘beer belly’) because fat metabolism is disrupted

Back 12

effects of alcohol

Front 13

Social stimulant because it causes inhibition
-In moderate amounts, it can decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke (a type of stroke not caused by high blood pressure)
-Both wine and beer reduce heart attack risk in some populations (lower LDL)
-Red wine contains antioxidants

Back 13

benefit of alcohol

Front 14

___ ___ a mild form of drug withdrawal
Causes:
Congeners-compounds that are in alcoholic beverages
Dehydration of the brain because alcohol reduces the water content of brain cells and other cells
Treatment:
Time
Water replacement
Glucose –need to eat

Many remedies exist-none work!

Back 14

the hangover

Front 15

Alcohol is toxic to cardiac and skeletal muscle
-Chronic alcohol use raises blood pressure
-Brain cell destruction
-Cancer: breast, mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, lungs (intermediate is a carcinogen)
-Bladder, kidney, pancreas damage
-Bone deterioration and osteoporosis
-Testicles and adrenal glands deteriorate
-Impaired memory and balance
-Type 2 diabetes
-Gastrointestinal damage (promotes iron absorption which may lead to iron overload)

Back 15

long term effects

Front 16

Alcohol is empty calories-no nutrients
Protein energy malnutrition – Drunkarexia

Water soluble vitamins are deficient causing
-Thiamin deficiency including Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome- a disease of the CNS specific to alcoholics
-Scurvy
-B-6 deficiency causing a decrease a RBCs and a form of _____

Back 16

anemia

Front 17

Fatty Liver and with long term abuse eventually

______-when liver tissues accumulate so much fat that they burst and are replaced by connective scar tissue

Back 17

Cirrhosis-

Front 18

Alcohol crosses the placenta freely and is directly toxic
-A sudden dose of alcohol can halt the delivery of oxygen through the umbilical cord
Oxygen is indispensable on a minute-to-minute basis to the development of the fetus’s central nervous system
Alcohol slows cell division
Reducing the number of cells produced and inflicting abnormalities on those that are produced and all of their progeny

Back 18

prego and alc

Front 19

During the first month of pregnancy, the fetal brain is growing at the rate of 100,000 new brain cells a minute
-Even a few minutes of alcohol exposure during this critical period can exert a major detrimental affect

Alcohol interferes with placental transport of nutrients to the fetus and can cause malnutrition in the mother
Before fertilization, alcohol can damage the ovum or sperm in the mother- or father-to-be
Leading to abnormalities in the child

Back 19

alc and prego

Front 20

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy threatens the fetus with
Irreversible brain damage
Growth retardation
Mental retardation
Facial abnormalities
Vision abnormalities

Back 20

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Front 21

Even when a child does not develop full FAS, prenatal exposure to alcohol can lead to less severe mental and physical problems
The cluster of mental problems associated with prenatal alcohol exposure is known a

Back 21

alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

Front 22

_____ _____ A sign of the times
-5 or more drinks at one event (4 for women)
-Beer bong, 21 shots
-Alcohol poisoning

Back 22

binge drinking

Front 23

_____ ____The liver collects and processes alcohol without its having an effect on other parts of the body
_____ ____Some alcohol bypasses the liver and flows through the brain and the rest of the body

Back 23

drink slowly
drink quickly