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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

standard drink contains ___ g of alcohol

14




12 oz beer equals 5 oz glass of wine equals one shot

the longer the alcohol

the more potent it is

EtOH rapidly absorbed through ________ by ________

EtOH rapidly absorbed through mucosal surfaces by diffusion

Vd of ethanol can be used to estimate total body water

because ethanol quickly partitions into it after absorption

partition coefficient of alcohol between blood and air is

2200:1

BAC will shoot up at a much faster rate in the brain than the peripheral

as you consume alcohol, there will be different concentrations in different body parts as alcohol is being consumed




further you get from gut, BAC drops

rate-limiting step in metabolism of ethanol

alcohol dehydrogenase

alcoholics can induce cyt P450 enzymes (especially CYP2E1) which leads to

metabolizing some drugs faster--pharmacokinetic tolerance

how to increase rate of alcohol metabolism?

reoxidation of NADH to NAD (keeps rate of metabolism maximal dependent upon amount of ADH present)

sources of pyruvate such as glucose and fructose...

reoxidize NADH to NAD through pyruvate metabolism via krebs cycle

heavy ingestion of alcohol increases the rate of alcohol oxidation in liver which can lead to

hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the tissues) which could possibly explain necrosis of liver in heavy drinkers

treatment of profound acute ethanol intoxication

supportive therapy (iv fluids)




haemodialysis in extreme cases

two-stage withdrawal reaction

in chronic drinking for weeks to months




normal withdrawal signs seen initially then two or more days later they experience delirium tremens--can be fatal

methanol intoxication

methanol is less potent than ethanol and results in production of formaldehyde and formic acid


--highly toxic and can lead to blindness, metabolic acidosis

treatment of methanol intoxication

1. i.v. sodium bicarb to reverse acidosis


2. haemodialysis to remove methanol


3. repeated dosing with ethanol which competes with methanol for metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase