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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
standard drink contains ___ g of alcohol |
14 12 oz beer equals 5 oz glass of wine equals one shot |
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the longer the alcohol |
the more potent it is |
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EtOH rapidly absorbed through ________ by ________ |
EtOH rapidly absorbed through mucosal surfaces by diffusion |
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Vd of ethanol can be used to estimate total body water |
because ethanol quickly partitions into it after absorption |
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partition coefficient of alcohol between blood and air is |
2200:1 |
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BAC will shoot up at a much faster rate in the brain than the peripheral |
as you consume alcohol, there will be different concentrations in different body parts as alcohol is being consumed further you get from gut, BAC drops |
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rate-limiting step in metabolism of ethanol |
alcohol dehydrogenase |
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alcoholics can induce cyt P450 enzymes (especially CYP2E1) which leads to |
metabolizing some drugs faster--pharmacokinetic tolerance |
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how to increase rate of alcohol metabolism? |
reoxidation of NADH to NAD (keeps rate of metabolism maximal dependent upon amount of ADH present) |
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sources of pyruvate such as glucose and fructose... |
reoxidize NADH to NAD through pyruvate metabolism via krebs cycle |
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heavy ingestion of alcohol increases the rate of alcohol oxidation in liver which can lead to |
hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the tissues) which could possibly explain necrosis of liver in heavy drinkers |
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treatment of profound acute ethanol intoxication |
supportive therapy (iv fluids) haemodialysis in extreme cases |
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two-stage withdrawal reaction |
in chronic drinking for weeks to months normal withdrawal signs seen initially then two or more days later they experience delirium tremens--can be fatal |
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methanol intoxication |
methanol is less potent than ethanol and results in production of formaldehyde and formic acid --highly toxic and can lead to blindness, metabolic acidosis |
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treatment of methanol intoxication |
1. i.v. sodium bicarb to reverse acidosis 2. haemodialysis to remove methanol 3. repeated dosing with ethanol which competes with methanol for metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase |