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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three alcohols
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Ethanol- primary one!
Methanol- no one drinks it by choice- picked by those that cannot get ethanol Ethylene glycol |
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Ethanol
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Rapid and complete absorption after ingestion
Two enzyme systems metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde to acid 1.Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 2.Aldehyde dehydrogenase Alcohol phase- gives you the effects of CNS inhibition Acetaldehyde- stage where we get nausea and sickness- but stay in this stage for short period Quickly converted to acid- only form that can be removed |
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abstinence syndrome;
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CNS excitation- occurs when stop drinking- alcohol withdrawal is the worst withdrawal- cause can be life threatening- lots of anxiety, seizures
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If high BP
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use clonodine; also used to prevent arrhythmias from beginning;
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arrythmias
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use beta blockers; prolong PR ( b/c the prob is too much ANS)
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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
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associated with thiamin deficiency
Patients suspected of having Wernicke- |
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seizures caused by alcohol withdrawal
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Lorazepam (old people), diazepam
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Disulfiram
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Pt on disulfiram consumes ethanol then acetaldehyde accumulates This leads to nausea, headache, flushing & hypotension |
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truck driver, MI, treated with lidocaine, day later spike of BP, cause?
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Alcohol withdrawal syndrome; treat w/ clonodine, and betablocker for ANY arrythmias
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Naltrexone
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(opioid antagonist) - approved
Decreases cravings for Alcohol |
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Fomepizole
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used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor so prolongs the half life of ethanol |
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Other drugs with disulfiram like effects
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Metronidazole
Cephalosporins (not all) Sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs Chloral hydrate |
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Methanol
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Methanol only consumed if they cannot get alcohol
Formic acid causes SEVERE toxicity to the eyes- rental disattachement– finally blindless =therefore we need to prevent converstion to formic acid! Luckly, can be urinated out in methanol and formaldehyde form- via blocking enzymes -via alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor such as FORMEPIZOLE- to prevent blindless -another way is to give ethanol- saturate the system |
