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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACP
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Alberta College of Paramedics
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CMA
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Canadian Medical Association
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WHMIS
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
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TDG
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Transportation of Dangerous Goods
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APPA
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Alberta Prehospital Professionals Association
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APPA's Purpose is to...
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Ensure a minimum competency of care for all EMS practitioners at their respective levels.
- authorizing educational institutions to teach EMS programs - conducting competency testing province wide |
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PAC
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Paramedics Association of Canada
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Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) job overview (7)
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- 140 hours training
- Basic airway management and adjuncts - Basic medical, obstetrical and trauma management - Basic Splinting and spinal injury management - Automatic external defibrillation - Oxygen administration and ventilation - Basic Pharmacology including 5 different medications |
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Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) job overview (10)
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- 500 hours training
- intermediate airway management and adjuncts - inter. medical, obstetrical and trauma management - inter. splinting and spinal injury management - automatic external defibrillation - oxygen administration and ventilation - inter. pharmacology including 10 different medications - IV administration - ECG familiarization - includes a communications, hospital & ambulance practicum |
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Emergency Medical Technologist - Paramedic (EMT-P) job overview (9)
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- 3000 hours training
- advanced airway management and adjuncts - adv. medical, obstetrical and trauma management - adv. splinting and spinal injury management - defibrillation, cardioversion, pacing and more - Oxygen administration and ventilation - adv. pharmacology including over 40 different medications - includes multiple hospital, obstetrical, airway and ambulance practicums - ability to perform some surgical procedures such as cricothyroidotomy, suturing, and more |
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NOCP
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National Occupational Competency Profile
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What are the four levels of care according to the CMA? (4)
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EMR - Emergency Medical Responder
PCP - Primary Care Paramedic ACP - Advanced Care Paramedic CCP - Critical Care Paramedic |
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All ambulances of Alberta are designated as one of three different types (3)
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EMRs
BLS ALS |
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BLS
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Basic Life Support
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ALS
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Advanced Life Support
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BLS ambulances are staffed by… (3)
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- two registered EMT's
- one EMT and one EMR - one paramedic and one EMR |
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ALS ambulances are staffed by… (2)
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- two registered paramedics
- one EMT and one paramedic |
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What are the three types of EMS services in Alberta? (3)
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- Municipal EMS
- Rural EMS - Industrial / oilfield |
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Municipal / Regional services are operated by some for of… (1)
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municipality
ex: City of Calgary EMS Foothills Regional EMS |
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Municipal EMS services typically have ….
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a large number of ambulances covering a relatively small geographical area, and they are usually well stocked
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Private / Rural Ambulance services are operated by …
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one person or company
ex: Caroline Ambulance Service Guarding Ambulance Mountain view EMS |
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Private / Rural EMS services typically have ….
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a small number of ambulances that cover a large geographical area, equipment is generally slightly older and in good condition due to low call volume
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Industrial / oilfield are …
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Not always true ambulance services, ambulances must be provincially registered
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MTC
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Mobile Treatment Center
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MTC's are limited because…
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they are not allowed to transport patients on public roadways
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What are 10 things modern EMS services require to operate? (10)
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- regulations & policies
- resources management - human resources & training - transportation - facilities - communications - public information & education - medical control - trauma systems - evaluation |
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EMD
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Emergency medical dispatcher
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Medical Director
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- establishes appropriate care for most illnesses & injuries encountered
- acts as medical expertise and protocol advisor - maintaining quality control - staff meet appropriate medical care standards |
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Online control
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when the EMS practitioner speaks directly with the doctor at the receiving hospital via telephone or radio
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Offline control
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consists of protocols / standing orders
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Specialty professional associations
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Involved in determining the best possible care for a specific patient, and in research and quality improvements to advance emergency medicine
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What may a medical director, under no circumstances authorize an EMS practitioner to do? (1)
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to break the law or go beyond their level of training and competence
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What other responsibilities do an EMS practitioner have regarding transportation of a patient?
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- ambulances are fully stocked
- equipment is in good working condition - has sufficient fuel and other fluids - be familiar with roads in specific service area |
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What are three types of specialty centers?
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- Trauma
- burn centre - children's hospital |
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Interfacility Transports
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transportation of patients from hospital to hospital, or other care centres (or home)
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Practitioners must keep in mine, when dealing with inter facility transportation ...
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only accept patients with equipment you are able to operate under their scope of practice
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When dealing with hospitals, EMS need to have a good understanding…. (3)
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- how receiving hospital operates
- what procedures and protocols are used - how to interact with appropriate staff |
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Other public safety Agencies include… (10)
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- fire department
- specialized rescue - HazMat Teams - Law enforcement - utilities / public works - crisis intervention - community response agencies - military - Emergency management Alberta - Industrial / industry |
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The quality of care that you provide depends on … (2)
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- your ability and the quality of your training
- the effort you put into learning and applying the knowledge |
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What 6 items are paramount to appropriate patient care? (6)
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- personal safety
- patient assessment & treatment - safe lifting and moving of patient - transport and transfer care - record keeping and data collection - patient advocacy and confidentiality |
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EMS practitioners consider possible hazards when… (2)
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- driving to the scene
- entering the scene/ house / worksite |
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A main part of patient assessment is communicating to your patient. What things would you communicate? (2)
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- what procedures you intend to perform
- what options they may have regarding those treatments |
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What is a major concern for personal injury for an EMS practitioner?
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inappropriate lifting of patients
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Transportation and transfer of care entails … (3)
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- provide safe and appropriate transport
- give necessary radio report to medical control or receiving hospital - providing additional assessments (vitals or treatments en route) |
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Every EMS call generates?
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paperwork
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PCR
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Patient Care Report
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PCR's are used for… (5)
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- continuing quality improvement
- auditing - legal defense - statistics - billing |
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What rights are EMS practitioner safeguarding?
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- the right to the best possible care, regardless of appearance or history
- the right to privacy |
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Ethics
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the discipline relating to right and wrong, moral duty and obligation, moral principles and values and moral character
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Morals
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refers to social standards or customs; dealing with what is right or wrong in a particular sense.
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Unethical
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refers to conduct that fails to conform to these moral principles, values or standards
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Professional accountability refers to a standard established by an EMS practitioners level of training and regional practices. Responsibilities include… (4)
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- high quality patient care
- continuing education - skill proficiency - licensure / certification |
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What is not a reliable determinant for ethical decision making? (1)
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emotions
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Code of Ethics
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defines standards of conduct for practitioners of ACP
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What are the three components of the Code of Ethics? (3)
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- ethical behaviour for a registered practitioner
- responsibilities of the ethical practitioner to his/her patient - responsibilities of the ethical practitioner to the paramedic profession |
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What are 6 ethical behaviours for a registered practitioner?
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- providing most effective, efficient, safe and quality care
- treating all patients with respect - promoting well being of all patients - actively engaging in life long learning (maintain and improve competencies) - protecting and maintaining patient confidentiality - recognizing limitations of one's competencies and competencies of others |
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What are 3 responsibilities of an ethical practitioner to his/her patients?
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- providing patient care at level of his/her competencies, seeking consultation otherwise
- providing high quality patient care, physical and emotional support - once accepting responsibilities, continuing to provide care until it is no longer required |
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What are 3 responsibilities ethical practitioners have towards the Paramedic profession?
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- ensuring one's conduct reflects positively on the integrity of the profession
- understanding importance of personal safety (no obligation to place oneself in harms way) - maintaining familiarity with current applicable legislations and practices, work to the fullest extent |
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Professionalism
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- implies existence of a specialized body of knowledge or expertise
- practitioners generally self regulate - maintains standards - includes initial and continuing educational requirements |
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Health Care Professional: criteria (9)
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- conforms to standards of profession
- provides quality patient care - instills pride in profession - strives for high standards - earns respect of others - meets profession's expectations while on & off duty - EMS personnel occupy positions of public trust - Unprofessional conduct hurts profession - commitment to excellence is a daily activity |
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Why is appearance so important? (3)
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- establishes credibility
- instills confidence - highly visible role model |
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Paramedics represent.. (4)
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- self
- EMS agency - provincial / regional / city EMS office - peers |
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Attributes of professionalism (11)
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- integrity
- empathy - self-motivation - appearance and personal hygiene - self-confidence - time management - teamwork and diplomacy - respect - patient advocacy - careful delivery of service - communications |
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Integrity
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steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code
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How does integrity relate to EMS profession? (1)
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mean being honest in all actions, staying within protocols and scope of practice
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Empathy
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identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives
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What must EMS practitioners always show to patients, families and other health care professionals? (1)
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empathy
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Self - motivation
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the push for merit and self direction
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Self motivation can mean … in an EMS profession? (6)
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- taking the lead to finish tasks
- improve behaviour - follow through without supervision - showing enthusiasm for learning - being committed to CQI - accepting constructive feedback |
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CQI
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continuous quality improvement
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It takes less than …. for your patient to decide whether they can trust you enough to provide care to them.
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7 seconds
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Who must you appear the most trustworthy to?
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conservative geriatric patients
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EMS professionals must ….. and ……. on themselves in difficult situations.
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trust and rely
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Time management
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refers to organizing and prioritizing task to make the best use of time (being punctual, completing tasks/assignments on time)
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EMS practitioners must be able to use …… and ….. to achieve a common goal.
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tact and interpersonal skills
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How can an EMS practitioner place the success of the team above personal success? (3)
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- support and respect other team members
- be flexible and open to change - communicate with co-workers to resolve problems |
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EMS practitioners know that showing respect brings… (3)
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- credit to themselves, their association and profession
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When dealing with patient advocacy, EMS practitioner should not attempt to… (2)
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- impose their own beliefs on the patient
- allow their biases to influence care |
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When it comes to communication, an EMS practitioner must be able to …. (3)
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- speak clearly
- write legibly - listen actively while adjusting strategies |
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Primary Responsibilities for an EMS are … (9)
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- preparation
- response - scene assessment - patient assessment - management - appropriate disposition - patient transfer - documentation - return to service |
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Additional responsibilities or secondary responsibilities when EMS is not treating an injured or sick patient include… (5)
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- community involvement
- supporting primary care efforts - citizen involvement - participation in leadership activities - personal and professional development |
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Factors that effect perception (7)
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- cultural factors
- personal privacy - empathy - appropriate care - language, tone of voice, diction - listening skills - apparent competency and confidence |
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Dignity
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the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect
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What MUST all EMS practitioners treat their patient, besides appropriate assessment and treatment? (1)
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dignity
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What three organizations impact the EMS practitioner in Alberta? (3)
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- Alberta College of Paramedics
- Paramedic Association of Canada - Canadian Medical Association |
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Alberta College of Paramedics (5)
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- ensure that registered members provide competent, safe and ethical care
- protects and serves publics interest - provide direction and regulation of the profession - maintain and enforce standards - maintain and enforce Code of Ethics |
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Paramedic Association of Canada (4)
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- Promote quality care though cooperative working relationships among organizations
- serve as a nexus for consensus building among member practitioners - represent practitioner on a national level - does not find or seek endorsements from other related fields |
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Canadian Medical Association (2)
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- serve and unite the physicians of Canada and be the national advocate
- react rapidly in times of medical crisis (SARS outbreak) |
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Communication
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- element of human interaction
- nonverbal and verbal behaviour - symbols and clues to convey meaning |
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Therapeutic Communications
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planned act of using communication techniques to achieve a positive relationship for desired patient care goals
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The whole communication process is a ...
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continuous loop of many opportunities for confusion and misinterpretation
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Factors influencing communication (11)
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- culture
- emotion - environment - language - perception - physical - psychological - religion - social - special needs - stress |
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What are things that could actually prevent communication? (6)
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- language / socio- cultural
- time - personal space - environment - cognitive abilities - education |
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Factors that will cause the receiver to put up a wall are … (8)
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- advice giving
- challenging - defensiveness - making judgements - probing - rejecting - stereotyping - testing |
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ALWAYS be careful of what you say about the patient to others even when conversing with other healthcare practitioners because…
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You never know who could be listening (could lead to legal issues about patient confidentiality)
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If a patient is hearing impaired, how should you communicate?
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- speak clearly, and face him or her
- allow time for patient to answer - listen for the answer - act and speak in calm, confident manner |
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Verbal communication techniques include … (7)
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- use fewer words (avoid confusion)
- express an idea simply - avoid vague phrases - use examples or demonstrations - repeat important info back - avoid technical jargon - use appropriate speed or pace |
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Effective listening (4)
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- face patient
- eye contact (willingness to listen) - attentive posture - avoid distracting body movements |
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External factors affecting communication (3)
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- privacy
- interruptions - physical environment ex: lighting, noise, distance, distracting equipment |
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What does verbal exchange with a patient provide? (4)
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- level of consciousness
- sensorium - any hearing or speech impediments - language barriers |
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What shows compassion and reassurance? (1)
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touch
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When conversing with a patient… (5)
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- use common words and phrases
- guide and direct the patient interview - don't manipulate patient's response - ask open- ended questions - ask one question at a time |
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Traps of interviewing (12)
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- false assurance of reassurance
- poor or unwanted advice - showing approval or disapproval - giving opinions - changing subject inappropriately - stereotyping (patient or complaint) - using professional jargon - talking too much - asking leading or biased questions - interrupting patient - asking why (viewed as accusation) - being defensive in response to criticism |
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Developing a rapport (6)
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- put patient at ease
- recognize and respond to visual clues - find suffering - show compassion - assess patients level of understanding - show expertise |
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What are three patient communication styles
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- pouring out information
- revealing some problems but concealing embarrassing items - hiding embarrassing parts |
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Patients unmotivated to talk could be due to… (4)
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- patient condition
- fear - cognitive impairment - intentional deception |
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Techniques when dealing with a patient unmotivated to talk (10)
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- take time to develop rapport
- use open- ended questions - provide positive feedback to appropriate responses - verify understanding - ask essential questions - ask family - use summary and interpretation - attempt conversation - ask some questions with known answers |
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Interviewing hostile patient (6)
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- observe for escalation to violence
- try normal interview - never leave patient alone - set limits - explain benefits of cooperation - follow protocol related to restraint |
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Communicating with Children (6)
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- be observant, not confrontational
- make contact slowly (talk to parents first) - speak to child at eye level (kneel down) - use quiet, calm voice - be aware of nonverbal communication - communicate with kids based on age |
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Communicating with infants (3)
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- firm, gentle handling
- may have stranger anxiety - keep parents in sight |
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Communicating with preschoolers (3)
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- base everything on past experience
- use short sentences - concrete explanations |
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Communicating with school age children (3)
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- begin to think like adults
- can be included with parents when taking history - may be able to make choices |
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Communicating with adolescents (2)
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- want to be adults
- don't want to be treated like a child |
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Communicating with patients using street drugs or alcohol (3)
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- ensure personal safety
- ask simple questions - avoid threatening actions |
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Communicating with a sexually aggressive patient (3)
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- explain professional role
- document any unusual incident - use chaperone if possible |
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Communicating with blind patients (2)
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- speak in normal tone
- explain all procedures |
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Communicating with hearing impaired patients (3)
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- ask how they prefer to communicate
- writing often effective - for lip reading, speak slowly, face patient |
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Ethnocentrism
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views own life as best, acts superior to other cultures
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Cultural imposition
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imposes beliefs, values, behaviours on other cultures
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Transcultural considerations (7)
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- may expect youth have answers
- may accept illness in different ways - non verbal cues may be offensive - direct eye contact may be viewed as impolite - refrain from touch without permission - language barriers - personal space may vary |
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Personal space measures (4)
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- intimate zone ( 0 - 1.5 feet)
- personal space (1.5 - 4 feet) - social distance (4 - 12 feet) - public distance (12 or more feet) |
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What are 5 different communication equipment?
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- base station radio
- mobile and portable radios - repeaters - digital equipment - cellular telephone |
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Base station Radios
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transmitter & receiver located in fixed place
power of 100 watts or more |
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Mobile or Portable Radios
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- mobile radios installed in vehicles (range of 20 - 45km)
- portable radios hand held ( operate 1 to 5 watts of power) |
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Repeater - Based Systems
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Receives radio messages and retransmits at higher power
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Telemetry
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process of converting electronic signals into coded, audible signals
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Simplex (1)
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- push to talk communication
ex: walkie- talkie |
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Duplex
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Simultaneous talk - listen, normal conversation is possible (ex: cell phone )
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Brief radio report should contain: (5)
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- unit identification / provider identification
- description of scene or incident - patient's age, gender (weight for medication orders) - Chief complaint - associated symptoms |
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Relaying patient information (6)
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- history of present illness or injury
- past medical history (meds, allergies) - physical examination findings - treatment given - estimated time of arrival - request for orders |
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ETA
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estimated time of arrival
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SOAP
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Subjective data
Objective data Assessment data Plan of patient management |
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General procedures for patient report (6)
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- protect patient privacy
- use unit numbers, hospital numbers, proper names, and titles - avoid slang or profanity - "echo" dispatcher or physician directions - confirm message was received * inform hospital of significant changes |
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Dispatcher Responsibilities (6)
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- screen and assign priorities to calls based on caller info
- select and alert appropriate units to respond - dispatch and direct units to the location - coordinate response with other agencies - provide pre-arrival instructions to caller - provide responding EMS crews with patient updates |
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Information received from dispatch (8)
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- Nature and severity of injury, illness or incident (communicated by caller)
- Location - Number of patients - responses by other agencies - special information - time dispatched - Age and gender of the patient - Assign priority of your response (alpha/bravo…. hot/cold… lights/sirens) |
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EMS responders must communicate …. (4)
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- report any problems during run (traffic accident, train traffic)
- advise of arrival - communicate scene size -up (request back up) - keep communications brief, observe confidentiality requirements |
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What would you consult Medical control for? (2)
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- request advice or orders
- advise hospital or special circumstances |
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When communicating with Medical Control… (5)
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- physician bases instructions off of report received from EMR
- never use codes - repeat all orders received verbatim - Do not blindly follow orders that does not make sense to you - Get physician's name (could be receiving physician) |
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Oral report to triage nurse includes… (6)
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- patient's name, chief complaint, nature of illness, mechanism of injury
- summary of information from radio report - important history not given earlier - treatments rendered and their response - vital signs - other helpful info |
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PCR serves as… (6)
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- legal protection for the EMS practitioner
- continuity of care - education - administration - research - evaluation and quality improvement |
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Elements of a PCR (7)
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C/C
O/A Hx C/C Pm Hx O/E Tx Enroute |
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C/C
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chief complaint (patients own words why ambulance was called)
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O/A
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On arrival
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Hx C/C
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History of Complaint
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Pm Hx
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Past medical history
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O/E
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On Examination
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Tx
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treatment given
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Documenting Right of Refusal (4)
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- document assessment findings and care given
- have patient sign the form - have a witness sign the form - explain they may change their minds and re-call 9-1-1 |
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What is vital in an EMS operation? (3)
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personal health
safety well-being |
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What must kept under control at a scene? (1)
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emotions
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…. is something you will have to face. (1)
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death
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Death is…
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the absence of circulation and respiratory function
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Clinical death
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absence of respiratory or circulatory function in an unresponsive patient
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Biological death
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absence of brain activity
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If the body is still warm...
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initiate care
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In what case does this statement apply. "The patient is not dead until they are warm and dead."
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hypothermia is present
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Presumptive signs of death (8)
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- unresponsive to painful stimuli
- lack of pulse or heartbeat - absence of breath sounds - no deep tendon or corneal reflexes - absence of eye movement - no systolic blood pressure - profound cyanosis - decreased body temperature |
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Definitive Signs of Death (8)
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- decapitated
- rigor mortis - incinerated - eviscerated - decomposing - obvious mortal injury - dependent lividity -putrefaction |
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DOA
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dead on arrival
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DRIED
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Decapitated
Rigor mortis Incinerated Eviscerated Decomposing |
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A medical examiner would investigate what cases? (7)
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- DOA
- unknown cause of death - suicide - violent death - poisoning - accidents - suspicion of crime |
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What is the grieving process? (5)
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- denial
- anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance |
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What can an EMR do to help a family grieving? (4)
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- provide gentle, caring support
- make helpful statements/comments - Be yourself and sincere - understand grieving is a process to work through |
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This you should say to someone grieving. (6)
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- I'm sorry
- it's okay to be angry - must be hard to accept - that must be painful for you - if you wish to cry, it's okay - people really cared for …. |
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Family members dealing with a death may express… (3)
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rage
anger despair |
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When dealing with family members of a lost patient… (5)
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- be calm
- use gentle tone of voice, reassuring touch (if appropriate) - respect family's wishes & privacy - do not create false hope - do not beat around the bush |
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Feelings expressed by terminal patients and caregivers (4)
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anxiety
depression guilt mental health problems |
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When caring for a critically ill or injured patient… (4)
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- orient the patient
- be honest - acknowledge the seriousness of the condition (if they refuse car) - locate and notify family members (delegated) |
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When dealing with an injured child, having a care giver accompany you may relieve child's anxiety, however…
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an anxious caregiver may complicate assessment and treatment
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Helping a family who have just lost a child (4)
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- acknowledge the fact in a private place (tell them somewhere private)
- tell parents they may see their child - do not overload the parents with information - encourage parents to talk about their feelings and seek support |
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Stressful situations causing patients to have an emotional response. (6)
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- mass casualty
- infant and child trauma - amputations - abuse - death or injury of a coworker - sexual or domestic abuse |
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Factors affecting a patients reactions to a stressful situation. (9)
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- fear of medical personnel
- alcohol / substance abuse - chronic diseases - mental disorders - medication reactions - age - nutritional statuts - guilt feelings - socio-economic status |
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If uncertain if a patient's condition is an emergency…
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ALWAYS contact medical control (request additional back up early - can be canceled later)
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What is the body's progression to stress? (3)
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- alarm response
- reaction and resistance - recovery and exhaustion |
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Describe Alarm reaction also known as "fight or flight" (5)
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- mediated by autonomic nervous system
- coordinated by hypothalamus - pituitary glans release ACTH (adrenaline) - physiologic response - individual adapts to situation |
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Describe Resistance reaction (2)
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- level of resistance to the stressful agent increased
- if stress persists, reactions to stress may change |
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Describe Exhaustion reaction (5)
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- coping mechanisms are exhausted
- adaptive resources used - resistance to all stressors declines - susceptible to physical and psychological illness - rest and recovery are needed |
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Physiological manifestations of stress (8)
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- rise in respirations and pulse
- increase in blood pressure - cool, clammy skin - dilated pupils - tensed muscles - release of stored sugar for energy - perspiration - decreased circulation to GI/GU tract |
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Adrenergic (adrenaline) reaction is also called …
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a "sympathomimetic" reaction
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Physical effects of stress (5)
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- fatigue
- irritability - changes in apetite - headaches - insomnia/hypersomnia |
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Psychological effects of stress (4)
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depression
fear anger frustration |
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PTSD
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Post traumatic stress disorder
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Signs and symptoms of PTSD (4)
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- depression
- startle reactions - flashback phenomena - amnesia of event |
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CISM
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Critical Incident Stress Management
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Strategies to Manage stress (4)
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- change or eliminate stressors
- change partners to avoid negative or hostile personalities - stop complaining or worrying about things you cannot change - expand social support system |
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Minimize physical stress by… (3)
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- taking deep breaths
- stretching - regular physical exercises |
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Communicable diseases
|
a disease transmitted form one person to another
|
|
What are the four routes of transmission? (4)
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- direct
- airborne - indirect/ vehicle - vector -borne |
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What are the 4 requirements for transmission? (4)
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- pathogen present
- susceptibility - sufficient quantity of pathogen - route of entry |
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exposure
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contact with blood, bodily fluids, tissues, or airborne droplets directly or indirectly
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LCDC
|
Laboratory Center Disease Control
|
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BSI
|
Body Substance Isolation
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Body Substance Isolation
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infection control techniques based on the assumption that all bodily fluids are infectious
|
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PPE
|
Personal Protective Equipment
|
|
Body Substance Isolation includes (4)
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- hand washing
- gloves and eye protection - mask and gowns - proper IMMEDIATE (disposal of sharps, Bg lancets, Epi-pens) |
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An EMR cannot deny care to a patient …. even if the patient poses a risk to safety.
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suspected communicable disease
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Immunization recommended (5)
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- tetanus- diphtheria boosters ( every 10 years)
- Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) - Influenza vaccine (yearly) - Hepatitis A vaccine - Hepatitis B vaccine |
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HIV Infection (5)
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- infection caused by AIDS (acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
- no vaccine - not easily transmitted in working setting - Can be transmitted to rescuer (contaminated needle) - Can be transmitted via: blood, semen, vaginal secretions |
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Hepatitis (5)
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- hepatitis results in inflammation of the liver
- hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood contact - a person that carries the disease can appear healthy - vaccinations are available (A & B only) - hep C does not have a vaccine |
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Meningitis (5)
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- inflammation to the lining of the brain
- can be cause by bacteria or viruses - usually not contagious (except meningococcus meningitis) - wear gloves and mask - notify physician if exposure suspected |
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Tuberculosis (4)
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- bacterial disease affecting the lungs
- detected by screening (Mantoux test) - high treatment success if identified and treated early - notify supervisor of suspected exposure |
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Syphilis (3)
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- can be a blood borne disease
- may result from needle stick - Not just and STD! |
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Whooping Cough (3)
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- Airborne disease caused by bacteria
- usually occurs in children - wear a mask / put a mask on patient to reduce exposure |
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Other newly recognized diseases include… (5)
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- Escherichia coli (poorly cooked food)
- SARS (spread through coughing & sneezing) - West Nile ( transmits via mosquito bite) - Hanta Virus (transmits via mouse droppings) - Avian Influenza (H5N1) |
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General Post Exposure management/procedure (3)
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- notify partner and supervisor immediately upon exposure
- get screened immediately after any exposure - initiate WCB paperwork within 24 hrs of exposure |
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Infection Control Routine includes… (3)
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- routinely clean and disinfect the ambulance after each run
- properly dispose of medical waste - remove contaminated linen |
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Scene Hazards to be cautious of… (6)
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Fire
Wire Water Gas Glass Hazardous materials |
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Protective clothing includes… (8)
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- cold weather clothing (3 layers - extra dry clothing)
- turnout gear (head to toe protection) - Gloves - Helmets - Boots - Eye and ear protection (used on rescue operations) - skin protection (sun block, bug spray) - body armour |
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Violent Situations (5)
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- civil disturbances
- domestic disputes - crime scenes - large gatherings - Bars / Clubs / Raves |
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Determinants of Violence - behaviour emergencies (4)
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Past history
posture vocal activity physical activity |