Airway Management And Ventilation Paramedic Care

Front 1

Abesence of oxygen to the brain will cause damage or death within how many minutes

Back 1

6-10 min

Front 2

Gas that is necessary for energy production

Back 2

O2

Front 3

Waste product of the body's metabolism

Back 3

Carbon Dioxide

Front 4

The exchange of gas between a living organism between a living organism and its enviornment

Back 4

Respiration

Front 5

This extends from mouth and nose to the larynx

Back 5

Upper Airway

Front 6

This joins the upper and lower airway

Back 6

Larynx

Front 7

The upper airway includes

Back 7

Oral Cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx

Front 8

Cartilage that seperates the right and left nasal cavities

Back 8

Septum

Front 9

Sinus

Back 9

Air cavity that conducts fluids from the eustachian tubes and tear ducts to and from nasophyarynx

Front 10

These bines comprise the lateral and superior walls of the nasal cavity

Back 10

Maxillay, frontal, nasal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

Front 11

Structures that connect with the nasal cavity are:

Back 11

Sinuses, estachian tubes, and lacrimal

Front 12

Eustachian Tube

Back 12

A tube that connects the ear with the nasal cavity

Front 13

the 4 pairs of sinuses are:

Back 13

Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus

Front 14

These help trap bacteria entering the nasal cavity

Back 14

Sinuses

Front 15

Tubular vessels that drain tears and debris from eyes into nasal cavity

Back 15

Nasolacrimal ducts

Front 16

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Turbinates function as :

Back 16

Filters the air by depositing airborne particles on mucous membrane

Front 17

The Cheeks, Hard and soft palates and the tongue form?

Back 17

The Oral Cavity

Front 18

U shaped hyoid bone is located

Back 18

Beneath the chin

Front 19

The only bine in the axial skeleton that does not articulate is known as :

Back 19

The Hyoid bone

Front 20

A muscular tube that extends vertically form the back of the soft palate to superior aspect of the esophagus is:

Back 20

Pharynx

Front 21

Function of the pharynx

Back 21

Allows air to flow in and out of the respiratory tract and food and liquids to pass into digestive system

Front 22

3 regions of the pharynx are:

Back 22

nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and laryngeal pharynx (hypopharynx)

Front 23

Uppermost region of oharynx, extends from the back of nasal opening to the plane of soft palate

Back 23

Nasopharynx

Front 24

Extends from the planes of the soft palate to the hyoid bone

Back 24

Oropharynx

Front 25

Lymphatic tissue in mouth and nost that filter bacteria

Back 25

Andenoids

Front 26

Extends posteriorly from the hyoid bone to the esophagus and anteriorly to the larynx

Back 26

Laryangealpharynx

Front 27

Cartilage that prevent food from entering the repiratory tract during swallowing:

Back 27

Epiglottis

Front 28

An imprtant landmark for Endotracheal Intubation is

Back 28

Vallecula

Front 29

A fold formed by base of the tongue and epiglottis

Back 29

Vallecula

Front 30

Complex structure that joins pharynx with the trachea

Back 30

Larynx

Front 31

Thyroid and Cricoid cartiage, glottic opening, vocal chords, artenoid cartlidge, pyriform fossae and cricothyroid membarane are all part of the :

Back 31

Larynx

Front 32

This cartilge forms the pyrimid shped attachment for the vocal chords and is a landmark for ETT

Back 32

Arytenoid Cartlige

Front 33

Located posterior to the Adams Apple, this houses the glottic opening

Back 33

Throid Cartilage

Front 34

Whit band of of cartilge that regulate the passage of air throught the larynx and produce voice by contraction of the laryngeal muscles

Back 34

True Vocal Chords

Front 35

This lies beneath thyroid cartlige and is considered first tracheal ring

Back 35

Cricoid Cartlige

Front 36

This connects the inferior boarder of the thyroid cartilge with superior aspect of the cricoid cartilge

Back 36

Cricothyroid membrane

Front 37

This extends from below larynx to the alveoli

Back 37

Lower Airway

Front 38

This is 10-12 cm that connects the larynx to 2 stem bronchi

Back 38

Trachea

Front 39

Tubes from the trachea to the lungs is called

Back 39

Bronchi

Front 40

Bronchioles contain what type of receptors?

Back 40

Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors

Front 41

This occurs when beta 2 receptors are stimulated?

Back 41

Relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, increasing airwyas diameter (Bronchodialates)

Front 42

When parasympathetic receptors are stimulated this occurs

Back 42

The bronchial smooth muscle contracts, decreasing the airway diameter (bronchoconstriction)

Front 43

Microscopic air sacs where most oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchanges take place

Back 43

Alveoli

Front 44

Alveolar Collapse is known as:

Back 44

Atelectasis

Front 45

Parenchyma

Back 45

Principle or essential parts of an organ

Front 46

Membranous tissue that covers the lungs

Back 46

Pleura

Front 47

This part of the pleura envelopes the lungs and does not catain nerve fibers

Back 47

Visceral Pleura

Front 48

This part of the pluera lines the thoracic cavity and does contain nerve fibers

Back 48

Parietal Pleura

Front 49

The space between the Visceral and parietal Pluera

Back 49

Pleural Space

Front 50

Holds a small amount of fluid to reduce friction between pleural respirations

Back 50

Pleural Space

Front 51

Inflammation of the pluera, usually casing chest pain, particulary in cigarette smokers

Back 51

Pleurisy

Front 52

The exchange of gases between a living organism and its enviornment is known as

Back 52

Respiratory

Front 53

Type of respiration that occurs in the lungs when respiratory gases are exchanged between alveoli and red blood cells in pulmonary Capillaries

Back 53

Pulmonary or external respiration

Front 54

Type of respiration that occurs in the peripheral cappilaries. Exchange of gases between red blood celss and the various body tissues

Back 54

Cellular or interanl respiration

Front 55

The mechanical process that moves air onto and out of the lungs

Back 55

Ventilation

Front 56

This involves coodinated interaction with the repiratory system, CNS, and muscloskeletal system

Back 56

Respiratory Cycle

Front 57

The respiratory cycle begins when lungs have achieved what

Back 57

Normal expiration and the pressure inside thoracic cavity eqauls atmospheric pressure

Front 58

Inspiration is what type of process?

Back 58

Active

Front 59

Expiration is what type of process?

Back 59

Passive

Front 60

Cells take oxygen from red blood cells coming from the arterial system and give up CO2 to the returning venous blood in the ?

Back 60

Capillaries

Front 61

Pressure exerted by each component of a gas mixture

Back 61

Partial Pressure

Front 62

PA is

Back 62

Aveolar Pressure

Front 63

Pa is

Back 63

Arterial Pressure

Front 64

This transfers the gases between the lungs and the blood and between the blood and peripheral tissues

Back 64

Diffusion

Front 65

Oxygen diffuses into the blood plasma, where most of it combines with hemoglobin and is measured as ?

Back 65

Oxygen saturation SPO2

Front 66

Hemoglobon approaches 100% when PaO2 of dissolved oxygen reaches

Back 66

90-100 torr

Front 67

O2 content/O2 capacity x 100%=

Back 67

Oxygen saturation

Front 68

This molecule carries the vast majority of O2 (about 97%)

Back 68

Hemoglobin molecule

Front 69

Reduction in breathing rate and depth

Back 69

Hypoventilation

Front 70

Increase in breathing rate and depth

Back 70

Hyperventilation

Front 71

Pneumothorax

Back 71

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural Cavity

Front 72

Hemothorax

Back 72

Accumulation of blood or fluid containing blood in the plueral cavity

Front 73

Pulmonary Embolism

Back 73

Blot clot that travels to the pulmonary circulation and hinders oxygenation of the blood

Front 74

Blood transports CO2 mainly in the form of

Back 74

Bicarbonate

Front 75

Excessive pressure of Carbon Dioxide in the blood

Back 75

Hypercarbia

Front 76

Respiratory Rate

Back 76

Number of respirations per min

Front 77

Main respiratory center lies in what part of the brainstem

Back 77

Medulla

Front 78

The medulla isconnected to the respiratory muscles praimarily via the ?

Back 78

Vagus Nerve

Front 79

Apneustic Center

Back 79

Is responsible for to assume repiratory control to ensure continuation of respirations in the event the medulla fails

Front 80

Pneumotaxic Center

Back 80

Controls Expiration also located in PONS

Front 81

Herin-Breuer Refelx is responsible for ?

Back 81

Prevention of over expantion of lungs

Front 82

Primary control of respiration center is?

Back 82

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Front 83

Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

Back 83

Hypoxemia

Front 84

Mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when PaO2 falls and inhibits respiratory stimulation when PaO2 Climbs

Back 84

Hypoxic Drive

Front 85

Normal Respiration rates in adults, children, and infants

Back 85

Adults- 12 to 20
Children- 18 to 24
Infants- 40 to 60

Front 86

Total amount of air contained in the lung at the end of amximal inspiration

Back 86

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Front 87

Total Lung Capacity in an adult is approx.

Back 87

6 Liters

Front 88

Tidal Volume (TV)

Back 88

is the average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle

Front 89

Tidal Volume in an adult is approx.

Back 89

500 mL (5-7cc/kg)

Front 90

Dead Space Volume (VD)

Back 90

The amount of gas in the tidal volume that rmains in the air passage way unavailable for gas exchange

Front 91

Amount of gas in the tidal volume that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange

Back 91

Alveolar Volume (Va)

Front 92

The amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract in one min

Back 92

Minute Volume

Front 93

The amount of gas that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange in minute

Back 93

Alveolar Minute Volume

Front 94

The amount of air that can be maximally inhaled after a normal respiration

Back 94

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Front 95

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Back 95

The Amount of air that can be maximally exhaled after inspiration

Front 96

Residual Volume

Back 96

The Amount of moisture remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Front 97

The amount of air that can be maximally expired after maximum inspiration

Back 97

Forced Expiratory Volume

Front 98

An interference with air movementthrought the upper airway

Back 98

Upper Airway Obstruction

Front 99

This type of upper airway obstuction that emits high pitched noise known as stridor and may have a blueish appearance

Back 99

Partial Upper Airway Obstruction

Front 100

Most common cause of airway obstruction

Back 100

The tongue

Front 101

Most commonly aspirated material

Back 101

Vomitus

Front 102

The key to airway management in every patient is

Back 102

Vigilance

Front 103

Paradoxial Motion

Back 103

Assymetrical Chest Wall movement that lessens respiratory efficiency

Front 104

Flail Chest

Back 104

defect in Chest wall that allows a segment to move freely, causing paradoxial chest wall movement

Front 105

Anoxia

Back 105

Absence or near absence of oxygen

Front 106

Patients seated in a tripod position with repiratory difficulties may indicate the patient having?

Back 106

COPD

Front 107

How long can the brain function without O2

Back 107

4-6 min

Front 108

Foreceful exhalation of large volume of air from the lungs

Back 108

Coughing

Front 109

Sudden, forceful exhalation from the nose

Back 109

Sneezing

Front 110

Sudden inspiration caused by spasmotic contractionof the diaphram with spastic closure of glottis

Back 110

Hiccoughing (Hiccups)

Front 111

Slow deep, involuntary inspiration follwed by prolonged expiration

Back 111

Sighing

Front 112

Forceful expirationthat occurs against partially closed epiglottis

Back 112

Grunting

Front 113

Kussmals Respirations

Back 113

Deep, Slow rapid gasping breathing

Front 114

What type of respirations is commonly found in diabetic Ketoacidosis

Back 114

Kussmals Respirations

Front 115

Cheyne-Stoke Respirations

Back 115

Progressivly deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow sloer breathing

Front 116

Most common type of respirations found with a brain stem injury is ?

Back 116

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Front 117

Biot's Respirations

Back 117

irregular pattern of rate and depth with sudden periodic episodesof apnea

Front 118

Respirations commonly found with Increses Intracranial Pressure

Back 118

Biots respiration

Front 119

Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation

Back 119

Deep, Rapid Respirations,

Front 120

Agonal Respirations

Back 120

Shallow, Slow, or infrequent breathing,

Front 121

Agonal respirations indicate what?

Back 121

Brain Anoxia

Front 122

High pitched sound heard oninhalation associated with laryngeal edema or constriction

Back 122

Stridor

Front 123

Wheezing

Back 123

Musical, squeaking or whistling sound heard on inspiration and or exhalation associated with bronchial constriction

Front 124

Bubbling sound heard on inspiration associated with fluid in the smaller bronchioles

Back 124

Crackles

Front 125

Course, rattling noise heard on inspiration associatedwith inflammation, mucus or fluid in the bronchioles

Back 125

Rhonchi

Front 126

Pulse Oximetry

Back 126

measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the peripheral tissues

Front 127

SpO2

Back 127

O2 satuaration percentage- the saturation of arterial blood with O2

Front 128

Capnography

Back 128

Recording or Display of measurement of exhaled CO2 concentrations

Front 129

Canometry

Back 129

Measurement od expired CO2

Front 130

Measurement of CO2 Concentration at the end of expiration

Back 130

End-Tidal CO2

Front 131

Partial Pressure of the End tidal CO2 in a mixed Gas soloution

Back 131

PETCO2

Front 132

Represents the partial pressure of CO2 in the Arterial Blood

Back 132

PaCO2

Front 133

Straight blades for ET are used mosr often in

Back 133

Infants

Front 134

ETT ranges in what legnths

Back 134

12-32 cm

Front 135

Stylet

Back 135

platic covered wire used to bend the ETT

Front 136

Magill Forcepts

Back 136

Scissor-style clamps with circulat tips. Used to remove foreign bodies or redirectde ETT during nasotracheal Intubation

Front 137

Is potentially lethal if you do ot recognize it immediatley

Back 137

Esophageal Intubation

Front 138

Indications of esphogeal intubation

Back 138

Absence of chest rise, breath sounds, breath condensation in ETT, Cyanosis, Falling SpO2, Phonation, Gurgling sounds

Front 139

Any tear in the lung parenchymea can cause this

Back 139

Tension Pneumothorax

Front 140

Tension Pnemothorax

Back 140

Accumulation of gas or air in the pleural Cavity

Front 141

Expanding of tension pneumothorax will casue damage to??

Back 141

The other lung, heart and structures of the mediastinum

Front 142

Indications of Tesion Pneumothorax

Back 142

Poor or worsening complience, Diminished unilateral breath sounds, hypoxia with hypotension, distended neck veins

Front 143

Giving medications to sedate and temprarily paralyze a patient and then performing orotracheal intubation is

Back 143

Rapid Sequenc intubation

Front 144

Depolarizing medication that causes temporary paralysis and used for Rapid Sequence Intubation

Back 144

Succinylcholine

Front 145

Dose onset and duration for succinylcholine

Back 145

Dose: Adults 1.5mg/kg IV Bolus Pediatrics 2.0 mg/kg
Onset 60-90 sec
Duration 3-5 min

Front 146

Contraindicatoins for succinylcholine

Back 146

Penatrating eye injuries, Pts with burns > 8 hrs. Crush injusries, neurologic injuries > 1 week

Front 147

2 medication used for sedation in Rapid Sequence Intubation

Back 147

Succinylcholine and Vecuronium

Front 148

Dose, onset, duration of Vecuronium

Back 148

Paralyzing 0.15mg/kg IV bolus
Priming 0.01mg/kg IV Bolus