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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Opportunistic infections with AIDS
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- PCP (pneumocystis jiroveci), CD4 < 200
- Cryptococcal meningitis, CD4 < 100 - Mycobacterium avium CD4 < 75 - Toxoplasmosis CD4 < 100 - Candidiasis any CD4 count - candida esophagitis, CD4 < 200 - Cytomegalovirus retinitis, CD4 < 75 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, CD4 < 100 |
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Symptoms of PCP
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- pneumonia
- treated with bactrim |
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symptoms of Cryptococcal meningitis
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- slow indolent onset
- headaches, fatigue, fevers - increased pressure in brain leads to blindness, hearing loss, coma |
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Symptoms of Mycobacterium avium
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- soil bacterium
- high fevers, night sweats, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea - diagnosis from growth from blood culture - requires weekly prophylaxis |
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Symptoms of toxoplasmosis
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- large brain lesions
- headache - behavior changes - bactrim is prophylactic |
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symptoms of PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
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- reactivation of JC virus
- infects oligodendrocytes - loss of myelin - any neurologic symptom |
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When to treat HIV
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- at time of primary infection
- if patient has an opportunistic infection - when CD4 < 350 |
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Structure of retroviridae
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- enveloped
- positive polarity diploid RNA - replicate by reverse transcription - capsid contains viral reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease enzymes. |
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basic genes of retroviruses
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- gag: capsid, nucleocapsid, matrix and sometimes protease
- pol: reverse transcriptase, integrase, sometimes protease - env: envelope proteins - genome ends in long terminal repeats which has strong promoters and is essential for replication. |
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Replication of retroviruses
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- entry by receptor binding and membrane fusion
- partial uncoating and reverse transcription in cytoplasm - integration into cellular DNA - transcription and translation - Assembly - release by non-cytolytic budding - post-budding maturation |
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Properties of HBV reverse transcription
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- location of reverse transcription is parent cell
- viral nucleic acid is partially DS DNA - product is partially DS DNA - Transcription template is nuclear episome - transcription machinery is host RNA polymerase II - error prone |
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Properties of HIV reverse transcription
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- Location of reverse transcription is the new host cell
- viral nucleic acid is SS +RNA - product structure is linear DS DNA - Transcription template is nuclear integrated provirus - transcription machinery is host RNA polymerase II - error prone |
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Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1
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- complex retrovirus
- major cause of T-cell leukemia - common in Japan, Caribbean, S. America, Africa - Transmission; sexual, transfusion, vertical - oncogenic through expression of Tax gene |
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HIV receptors
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- CD4 necessary but not sufficient
- co-receptor necessary (chemokines) |