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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Survey
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A research method that allows one to collect data on a topic that cannot be directly observed, such as opinions on downtown retailing opportunities.
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Cross-sectional Survey
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Gathers information about a population at a single point in time. Exampe: how do bus riders feel about the service right now?
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Longitudinal Survey
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information on a topic over time. Exampe: periodic surveys to assess customer satisfaction to assess trends.
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Three basic types of map projection
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Conic ; Cylindrical ; Planar
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Descriptive Statistics
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Describe the characteristics of the population
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Inferential Statistics
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determine characteristics of a population based on observations made on a sample from that population.
one infers characteristics based on observations |
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Mean
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Average
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Median
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The centerpoint - equal numbers of higher and lower data points
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Mode
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The value with the most frequency
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Nominal Data
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no intrinsic order
mode is the only measure of central tendency for nominal data |
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Ordinal Data
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Values are given order that infers magnitude, but no fixed value is given to the intervals.
Mode and Median are the only measures of CT that can be used. Mean is useless b/c lack of fixed interval |
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Interval Data
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Data that has an ordered relationship with a magnitude.
Example: Temperature - 10 degrees isn't twice as hot as 5 degrees. |
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Ratio Data
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Ordered relationship with equal intervals.
Example: distance - 10 miles is twice as far as 5 miles. |
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Normal Distribution
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symmetrical distribution around the mean
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Range
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Simplest measure of Dispersion
Difference between the highest and lowest numbers in a value set. |
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Variance
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the average squared difference of values from the mean value of a distribution.
Variance is a descriptor of a probability distribution, how far the numbers lie from the mean. |
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Standard Deviation
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Square root of the Variance
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Standard Error
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Standard deviation of a sample.
Indicates the degree of sampling fluctuation |
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Confidence Interval
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estimate of the range of error potential for the portion of the population that was not sampled.
Example: election polling has a 3% confidence interval |
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Chi Square
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used to test the "goodness of fit" of an observed distribution to a theoretical one.
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Linear Method
Population Estimates |
Uses past data for population trends to extrapolate future behavior
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Symptomatic Method
Population Estimates |
Uses known information to estimate poulation
Example: how many new housing units x average household size. |
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Step-Down Ratio Method
Population Estimates |
Use the stats from a larger area to figure out the estimate for a smaller portion of that area.
Example: Use Census data for the Region to establish population for a community |
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Cohort Survival Method
Population Estimates |
Most Accurate. Use the current known population plus birth/death data and net migration data to calculate projected population.
Smallest interval for estimate is time for entire cohort to age, so depends on the range of the cohort (5-10 years usually) |
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Economic Base Analysis
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Looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities (exports) make up the economic base.
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Basic vs. Non-basic Economic Activities
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Basic: activities that can be exported (goods)
Non-basic: activities that cannot be exported (services, local goods) |
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Location Quotient
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ratio of an industry's share of the local economy divided by its share of the national economy
<1 = import economy >1 = export economy |
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Shift-share Analysis
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uses employment information by sector for two points in time.
analysis looks at the differential shift, proportional shift, and economic growth |
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Input-Output Analysis
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quantitative method links suppliers and purchasers to determine the economic output of a region.
Uses economy's structure to project the economy in the future. Uses software now, to crunch large amounts of data. Study more. |
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UDAG
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Urban Development Action Grant 1978-1989
Grants to cities and urban counties which are experiencing severe economic distress to help stimulate economic develoment activity needed to aid in economic recovery |
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Urbanized Area
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urban nucleus of 50,000 or more people.
core or 1000 people, adjoining territory of at least 500 persons per square mile. in 2000 68% of Americans lived in 452 urbanized areas |
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Urban Cluster
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at least 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000 with a density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile.
In 2000, 11% of the population lived in 3,158 urban clusters. |
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Metropolitan Statistical Area
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MSA = at least one city of 50k or more people or an urbanized area (of at least 50k w/ 1k core and 500/sq.mi. density)
AND a total metropolitan area of 100k or more |
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Primary MSA
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Primary Metro Statistical Area (PMSA) - all requirements of an MSA
AND has a population of one milion or more AND separate component areas that can be identified within the entire area |
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Consolidated MSA
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CMSA - made up of several PMSAs
Example: Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA - Dallas and FW are both PMSAs. |
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Megalopolis
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1961 - Jean Gottman published Megalopolis about 300-mile long area between DC and Boston.
Many centered, multi-city, urban area of more than 10 million inhabitants. low-density settlement and complex networks of economic specialization. |
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Census Tract
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typically between 2,000 and 8,000 people. smallest area where all information is released.
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Census Block
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smallest level at which data is COLLECTED. typically 400 housing units per block.
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Minor Civil Division (MCD)
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corresponds to a municipality - only in 29 states
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Census County Divisions
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used in 21 states that do not use MCDs
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Tribal Designated Statistical Area
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a unit drawn by tribes that do not have a recognized land area
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Threshold Population
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Trigger for program eligibility
Examples include qualifications for grants or requirements for stormwater treatment. |
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Top 10 fastest growing metro areas from 2000 to 2010
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1. Palm Coast Florida
2. St. George, Utah 3. Las Vegas-Paradise, Nevada 4. Raleigh-Cary, NC 5. Cape Coral-Fort Meyers, Florida 6. Provo-Orem, Utah 7. Greeley, Colorado 8. Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX 9. Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC 10. Bend, Oregon |
