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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autonomic Nervous System vs Somatic Nervous System
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Innervation
Activation Gets feedback from Reflexes |
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Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
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Innervates visceral organs in thoracic cavity, head, body wall, and limbs via sympathetic nerves (post-ganglionic nerves)
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Collateral Ganglia
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Innervates visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity via sympathetic nerves (post ganglionic nerves)
Postganglionic nerves are splanchic nerves |
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Adrenal Medulla
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Affects organs and systems throughout the body through release of hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) into the circulation
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Preganglionic nerves are cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, and X) and nuclei in spinal cord segments S2-S4
Spinal segments and cranial nerve X go to intramural ganglia and then the target Other cranial nerves go to other ganglia (?terminal ganglia) |
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
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Location of CNS visceral motor neurons
Preganglionic fibers length neurotransmitterPost ganglionic fibers length neurotransmitter General function |
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Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Function |
see chart pg. 14
pg. 15 pg. 16 |
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Neurotransmitters
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All preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine
Parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons release acetylcholine (target has muscarinic receptors) - completely cholinergic Some sympathetic targets such as sweat glands have muscarinic receptors so those post ganglionic fibers release acetylcholine Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine ( receptors are adrenergic) |
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Autonomic Reflexes
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see pg 22
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Fluid Compartments of the Body
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Interstitial fluid (tissue)
Intracellular fluid Plasma There is an exchange of fluid between ICF ECF and Plasma |
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Blood Tube
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Plasma on top - 55%
Buffy Coat in middle Erythrocytes (RBCs) - on bottom |
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Buffy Coat
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Composed of white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets
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Erythrocytes
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RBCs
Concave disk Go through the capillaries in a single file Mostly composed of hemoglobin |
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Hemoglobin
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Transport protein
Has 4 heme groups (iron) - to carry O2 and CO2 |
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Red Blood Cells
Formation |
Formation is called erythropoiesis
Occurs in the red bone marrow Form from proerythroblasts |
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Red Blood Cell
Life |
Normal life span is 120 days
Destroyed by macrophages Macrophages come from the spleen, liver, and bone marrow Macrophages go to the liver, intestines, and kidney Macrophages breakdown RBC into bilirubin, amino acids, and iron |
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Bilirubin
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Secreted into the bile (gives bile its color) and urine
Amino acids and iron from breakdown of RBCs get recycled and go back to the bone marrow to be used to make new RBCs |
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Red Blood Cell Formation
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Kidneys produce a hormone called erythropietin which stimulates RBC formation (erythropoiesis) by the bone marrow
If there is decreased RBC, there is decreased O2 |
