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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Molecular Weight or Gram molecular weight
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The sum of the atomics weights of the atoms in a molecule
H O = HOH = 1 + 16 +1 = 18grams in 1 mole NaCl = 28 + 35 = 58g |
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How many atoms are in a Mole
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Avogadro's #
6.02 x 10 A mole of anything has the same number of atoms |
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Solutions
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Made up of a solute and solvent
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Solute
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solid, liquid, or gas in a solution that dissolves in the solvent
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Solvent
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liquid or gas in a solution that does the dissolving
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Concentration of Solutions
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Expressed as g/ml
g is the solute (solid) ml is the solvent (liquid)% Expressed as %, ratio, molarity, osmolarity, osmolality, and normality |
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% Solution
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9% NaCl
9g NaCl/100ml liquid 5% dextrose/H O 5 gm dextrose/ 100ml H O |
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Acid
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H CO H HCO
An acid is a substance that dissociates into one or more H ions and one or more negative ions Acids give off H ions Weak acid gives off less H ions Since H ion is a proton, acids are called proton donors |
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Law of Mass Action
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Associate Dissociate
HA H A A represents any anion HA is the undissociated acid |
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Equilibrium
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K = equilibrium
K = H A HA K represents the amount of ion product at equillibrium |
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pH
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pH is based on water
HOH H OH see pg.13 & 14 |
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pH
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Every change in pH # is really a change by an exponent (x 10)
pH 3 is 10x more difference in H ions than pH2 |
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Ratio
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1/10,000 merthiolate
1 gm of solute to 10,000 ml solvent |
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Molarity
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The number of moles per liter of solvent
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Molality
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Number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
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Osmolality
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Number of osmols per kilogram of solvent
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Osmol
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Number of dissolved particles produced by a molecule in solution
1 millimolal of NaCl is a 2 milliosmolal solution; 1 millimolal solution of CaCl is a 3 milliosmolal solution |
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Osmolarity
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Number of osmols per liter
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Osmolal Concentration
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Measured by the degree to which it reduces the freezing point
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Normality
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Gram equivalents of solute per liter of solvent
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Bases
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A substance that dissociates into one or more hydroxide, OH, ions, and one or more cations
Bases are proton acceptors |
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Acid Base Reactions
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When stron acids and bases are reacted with each other, they produce water and a salt
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H O |
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Law of Mass Action
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If a stronger acid than HA is addedd to the solution, the equilibrium shifts to the left
H ions get undissociated and the increase in H ion concentration is less than it would be |
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Law of Mass Action
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If a base is added to the solution, the equilibrium is shifted to the right favoring the formation of H ions
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pH
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p symbol means log
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation determines the H ion concentration or the pH pK is the pHat which the acid is at ionization equilibrium |
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pH of human body
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7.4
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