Ahn - Theme 3

Front 1

Muscles of Facial Expression

Back 1

-Part of the panniculus carnosus muscle layer
-Common embryological origin; 2nd Pharyngeal Arch
-Common innervation; Facial Nerve (VII)
-Have one attachment to bone and one to skin

Front 2

Functions of Muscles of Facial Expression

Back 2

-Organised around orifices of face as sphincters/dilators
-Protective
-Speech (opening mouth and raising eyebrows)

Front 3

Importance of Buccinator

Back 3

-Keeps cheeks taut during mastication
-Anterior attachment important in denture fitting
-Pterygomandibular Raphé landmark for IAN block

Front 4

Attachments of Buccinator

Back 4

-From 1st maxillary molar to palatine bone and lateral pterygoid plate
-Short ligaments from palatine bone to tip of hamulus
-Pterygomandibular Raphé from tip of hamulus to retromolar fossa
-Retromolar fossa, along oblique line then alveolar process to 1st mandibular molar

Hint 4

Front 5

Roles of Lip Muscle in Speech; Longitudinal

Back 5

Lengthens vocal tract via:
-Lip protrusion
-Labiodentalization (sound articulated by lower lip and upper teeth)

Front 6

Roles of Lip Muscles in Speech; Latitudinal

Back 6

Widen lips via:
-Horizontal or vertical expansion
-Horizontal or vertical constriction

Front 7

Facial Nerve (VII)

Back 7

-Emerges from stylomastoid foramen
-Enters parotid gland
-Provides motor innervation to facial muscles
-Branch to posterior digastric & stylohyoid

Front 8

SCALP (S outermost layer//P Innermost layer)

Back 8

-Skin with hair follicles
-Connective tissue with blood vessels
-Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis (layers of flat tendons that join muscles to the bones)
-Loose sub-aponeurotic connective tissue (fatty tissue)
-Pericranium (layer of connective tissue surrounding the cranium)

Front 9

Venous Sinuses

Back 9

-Present in skulls
-Veins in scalp communicate through foramina in skull with venous channels
-No veins as no muscles in walls

Front 10

Sensory Innervation of the Face

Back 10

-Trigeminal Nerve (V)
-Has 3 divisions
-Each exit at different foramen

Front 11

Divisions of Trigeminal Nerve; Ophthalmic (V1)

Back 11

-Exits through supraorbital foramen
-Supplies eye (cornea, iris, ciliary body, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva)
-Supplies skin of eyelid, eyebrows, forehead and nose
-Supplies part of mucous membrane of nasal cavity

Front 12

Divisions of Trigeminal Nerve; Maxillary (V2)

Back 12

-Exits through infraorbital foramen
-Supplies some teeth (maxillary)
-Supplies the skin of the midface
-Supplies the nasal cavity
-Supplies the sinuses
-Supplies the palate

Front 13

Divisions of Trigeminal Nerve; Mandibular (V3)

Back 13

-Exits through foramen ovale
-Supplies the muscles of mastication
-Supplies the mandibular teeth
-Supplies the lower lip and chin
-Supplies mylohyoid, anterior digastric, anterior 2/3rd of tongue, inside of cheek (buccal mucosa)
-Supplies skin of temporal region and auricula

Front 14

Muscles of Mastication

Back 14

-Muscles that raise the mandible
-Common embryological origin; 1st Pharyngeal Arch
-Innervated by V2

Front 15

Masseter Muscle

Back 15

-Arises from zygomatic arch
-Multipennate (central tendon branches into 2 or more tendons)
-Powerful elevator of mandible as sloped fibres perpendicular to molar teeth
-Attach to outer surface of mandible

Front 16

Temporalis Muscle

Back 16

-Covered by temporalis fascia
-Bipennate
-Attached to temporal fossa from temporal line to temporal crest and to temporal fascia
-Attached inferiorly to coronoid process & anterior ramus down to retromolar fossa
-Muscle elevates and retracts mandible

Front 17

Parotid Gland

Back 17

-Largest of salivary gland
-Mainly serous
-Duct opens near 2nd maxillary molar
-Lies between ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid
-Enclosed within deep cervical fascia;parotid capsule

Front 18

5 Branches of Facial Nerve (VII)

Back 18

-Temporal
-Zygomatic
-Buccal
-Mandibular
-Cervical

Hint 18

The Zante Bad Males Chunder

Front 19

Branches of Facial Nerve; Temporalis

Back 19

Innervates the Frontalis

Front 20

Branches of Facial Nerve; Zygomatic

Back 20

Innervates muscle of the eye

Front 21

Branches of Facial Nerve; Buccal

Back 21

Innervates Buccinator and lower lip

Front 22

Branches of Facial Nerve; Mandibular

Back 22

Innervates lower lip

Front 23

Branches of Facial Nerve; Cervical

Back 23

Innervates platysma of neck

Front 24

Blood Supply to Face; Facial Artery

Back 24

Gives off the following branches:
-Submental artery
-Inferior Labial artery
-Superior Labial artery
-External Nasal artery
-Angular artery

Front 25

Blood Supply to Face; Transverse Facial Artery

Back 25

-Branches from the superficial temporal artery
-Runs across face
-Supplies parotid gland, parotid duct & masseter

Front 26

Blood Supply to Face; External Carotid Artery

Back 26

Branches:
-Superior Thyroid Artery
-Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
-Lingual Artery
-Facial Artery
-Occipital Artery
-Posterior Auricular Artery
-Maxilary Artery
-Superficial Temporal Artery

Hint 26

Some Anatomists Like Fenwicks Others Prefer Marks & Spencers

Front 27

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Superior Thyroid Artery

Back 27

Supplies the Larynx and Thyroid Gland

Front 28

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

Back 28

-Supplies the base of the skull

Front 29

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Lingual Artery

Back 29

Supplies Oral Floor and Tongue

Front 30

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Facial Artery

Back 30

Several branches which supply the face

Front 31

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Occipital Artery

Back 31

Several branches which supply sternocleidomastoid, mastoid...

Front 32

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Posterior Auricular Artery

Back 32

Supplies the auricle and scalp

Front 33

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Maxillary Artery

Back 33

Supplies the deep structures of the face

Front 34

Branches of External Carotid Artery; Superficial Temporal Artery

Back 34

Supplies part of the face and scalp

Front 35

Venous Drainage of Face

Back 35

-Facial Vein
-Retromandibular vein anterior division
-Internal Jugular Vein

Front 36

Venous Drainage of Face; Facial Vein

Back 36

Formed by confluence of:
-Supratrochlear/Frontal vein
-Supraorbital vein
-Angular Vein
-Superior Labial Vein
-Inferior Labial Vein
-Deep Facial Vein

Front 37

Venous Drainage of Face; Retromandibular Vein Anterior Division

Back 37

Formed by confluence of:
-Maxillary Vein
-Superficial Temporal Vein

Joins facial vein to form common facial vein

Front 38

Venous Drainage of Face; Retromandibular Vein Posterior Division

Back 38

-Travels underneath internal jugular vein
-Joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein

Front 39

Venous Drainage of Face; Internal Jugular Vein

Back 39

Drains blood from:
-The brain
-The face (Common facial vein)
-The neck (pharyngeal, superior thyroid, middle thyroid)

Front 40

Relationships of Parotid Gland; Within

Back 40

-Facial nerve (stylomastoid fo.)
-External Carotid Artery
-Retromandibular Vein

Front 41

Relationships of Parotid Gland; Deep

Back 41

-Postero-medial: Sternocleidomastoid & posterior digastric
-Antero-medial: Mandible, masseter, posterior digastric & stylohyoid
-Intermediate: Styloid apparatus, int. carotid artery, int. jugular vein, IX, X, XI & XII

Front 42

Relationships of Parotid Gland; Superficial

Back 42

-Fascia
-Skin

Front 43

Muscles of The Eye; Orbicularis Oculi

Back 43

3 portions:
-Palpebral (the Lower eyelid)
-Orbital (the Upper eyelid)
-Lacrimal (the Middle of eyelid)

Front 44

Orbicularis Oculi;Palpebral Portion

Back 44

Involved in light blinking/during sleep

Front 45

Orbicularis Oculi; Orbital Portion

Back 45

Involved in heavy blinking at high light intensities

Front 46

Orbicularis Oculi: Lacrimal Portion

Back 46

Involved in holding lid against eyeball for even distribution & removal of tears

Front 47

Muscles of The Nose; Nasalis

Back 47

2 Main Portions:
-Transverse/Compressor Naris
-Alar/Dilator Naris

Front 48

Nasalis; Compressor Naris Portion

Back 48

-Arises from upper portion of canine ridge of maxilla
-Functions to compress the nostrils

Front 49

Nasalis; Dilator Naris Portion

Back 49

-Arises from the nasal region of the maxilla inserting into skin of nostril
-Function to flare/dilate the nostril

Front 50

Muscles of The Nose;Procerus

Back 50

-Located around the nasal bone/lateral nasal cartilage (just above nose)
-Function to produce wrinkles at bridge of nose

Front 51

Muscles of The Nose;Levator Labii Superioris (angular head)

Back 51

-Also functions to flares the nostril

Front 52

Muscles of The Mouth; Orbicularis Oris

Back 52

-Present within the upper and lower lips
-Fibres originate from parts of other facial muscles that converge on mouth

Front 53

Orbicularis Oris Function

Back 53

-Compress lips against anterior teeth
-Closing the mouth
-Protruding the lips

Front 54

Muscles of The Mouth; Zygomatic Minor Muscle

Back 54

-Elevates the portion of the lip it is inserted
-Drags the external angles of the lips with it slightly

Front 55

Muscles of The Mouth; Zygomatic Major Muscle

Back 55

-Lifts upward and laterally the corners of the mouth

Front 56

Muscles of The Mouth; Levator Angular Oris

Back 56

-Located in canine fossa of maxilla
-Functions in elevating angle of mouth

Front 57

Muscles of The Mouth; Levator Labii Superioris

Back 57

-Elevates the upper lip

Front 58

Muscles of The Mouth; Depressor Angular Oris

Back 58

-Found on oblique line of mandible
-Depresses the angles of the mouth

Front 59

Muscles of The Mouth; Depressor Labii Inferioris

Back 59

-Also found on oblique line of mandible
-Depresses the lower lip

Front 60

Muscles of The Mouth; Mentalis

Back 60

-Located at incisive fossa of the mandible
-Protrudes the lower lip

Front 61

Muscles of The Cheek; Buccinator

Back 61

-Presses the cheek against the vestibular surfaces of the molar teeth aiding mastication
-Prevents cheeks from expanding when expelling air