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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a semivegetarian?
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Usually exclude or limit red meat, may avoid other meats. Will sometimes eat seafoods, poultry.
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What is a pescovegetarian?
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Only source of animal protein is fish
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What is a lacto-ovo vegetarian?
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Eats eggs and dairy, excludes animal flesh and seafood.
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What is a lacto vegetarian?
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Eats dairy but excludes other animal products
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What is a ovo vegetarian?
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Eats eggs but excludes other animal products
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What is a vegan?
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Eats only plant based foods. May not get enough B12, zinc, iron, or calcium.
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What is a macrobiotic vegetarian?
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Eats a vegan diet that becomes progressively more strict. Unhealthy.
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What is a fruitarian?
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Eats only fruit, seeds, nuts, honey and vegetable oil.
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What do vegetarians have a reduced risk of getting?
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24% less chance of ischemic heart disease.
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What nutrients do vegetarians struggle to get adequate amounts of?
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Complete protein, EPA, some micronutrients.
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What are some problems with soy protein?
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Contains soybean agglutinin, goirogens, and phytates.
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What are goitrogens?
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In soy protein, interfere with iodine metabolism.
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What is soybean agglutinin?
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Harmful to cell membranes in gut, can be inflammatory.
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Why do phytates do?
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Decrease mineral absorption
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What is the chemical reaction involved in ATP synthesis?
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Phosphorylation reaction.
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Why is glucose so important?
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Energy source for brain cells, RBC's, testes, and kidney medulla cells.
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What are the three energy pathways?
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Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport.
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how much ATP is synthesized in glycolysis?
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2
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How much ATP is synthesized in electron transport?
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28
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How much glucose is made in the glucose oxidation pathway?
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36
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What triggers lipolysis?
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Fasting, exercise, stress.
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How do fats get out of fat cells?
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Lipoprotein lipase, hormone sensitive lipase.
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What pathway oxidizes fatty acids?
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Beta-oxidation pathway
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Why can't glucose be made from fatty acids?
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Glucose cannot be formed from acetyl CoA.
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What triggers ketogenesis?
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Insufficient carbohydrate intake, diabetes.
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What goes in and comes out of ketogenesis?
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Fatty acids in, ketone bodies out.
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What are the 4 effects of ketosis?
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Upsets acid balance, lean tissue breakdown, metabolism slows, loss of appetite.
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What two substances can be used to make glucose and oxaloacetate for the krebs cycle?
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Ketone bodies and glucogenic amino acids.
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What triggers the lipogenesis pathway?
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Excess calories.
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What goes in and comes out of lipogenesis?
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Carbs, amino acids, alcohol go in, aceytl CoA comes out.
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What macronutrients can convert to aceytl CoA?
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All of them.
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What triggers proteolysis?
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Insufficient carb intake, excess protein intake, prolonged exercise.
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What are the 5 glucogenic amino acids?
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Alanine, glycine, serine, cysteine, tryptophan.
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What are the two ketogenic amino acids?
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Leucine and lysine.
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What type of amino acid can convert pyruvate to glucose?
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Glucogenic
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