Ahap Unit 15: Transforming The West

Front 1

Great American Desert

Back 1

-western part of Great Plains
-east of Rocky Mountains
-100th Meridian

Front 2

genizaros

Back 2

-NA slaves
-house servants
-shepherds
-Southwest US
-1880s

Front 3

Californios

Back 3

born 1769-1848
-Spanish-speaking
-Roman Catholics
-Latin American descent
-regardless of race
-born in California from first Spanish colonies established by Portola expedition 1769
-->Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
Mexico-->US

Front 4

Tong Wars

Back 4

1880s-1921
-violent disputes
-rival Chinese Tong factions
-San Francisco's Chinatown
Causes:
-inter-gang grievances
-failure to pay for "slave girl"
-murder of rival Tong member

Tong=Chinese association/secret society

Front 5

Workingman's Party of California

Back 5

-labor organization
-led by Denis Kearney in 1870s
-against Chinese immigrant labor
-against Central Pacific RR
-->employed Chinese

Front 6

Chinese Exclusion Act

Back 6

1882
-fed law
-President Arthur
-prohibit immigration of Chinese laborers

Front 7

Timber Culture Act

Back 7

1873
-follow-up to Homestead Act
-another 160 acres of land
-plant trees on 1/4 land
-land almost entire plain of grass
-->useless to cultivating man

Front 8

Desert Land Act

Back 8

1877
-encourage and promote economic development
-arid and semiarid public lands of Western states
-->little or no rain
-->too dry for vegetation
-apply for desert-land entry
-->reclaim, irrigate, cultivate land

Front 9

Frederick Jackson Turner

Back 9

-American historian
-interdisciplinary and quantitative methods
-Midwest
-"Significance of Frontier in American History"
-->Frontier Thesis

Front 10

Turner Frontier Thesis

Back 10

1893
-American democracy formed by American Frontier
-process of moving frontier line
-->impact pioneers
Results:
-American democracy
-egalitarianism
-lack of interest in high culture
-violence

Front 11

Comstock Lode

Back 11

-gold and silver source
-Virginia Mountains
-western Nevada
-south of Reno
-boom 1850s-late 19th century

Front 12

cow town

Back 12

-town/city
-cattle-raising
-western North America

Front 13

Chisholm Trail

Back 13

19th century
-route
-cowboys drove cattle
-1,500 miles north
-Texas-->Abilene and other Kansas cities
-developing RR

Front 14

Exodusters

Back 14

-African Americans
-migrated along Mississippi River to Kansas
-late 19th century
-Exoduster Movement
-first general migration of blacks following Civil War

Front 15

"open" range

Back 15

-rangeland
-cattle roam freely
-regardless of land ownership

Front 16

"Range" Wars

Back 16

-armed conflict
-undeclared
-agrarian or stock-rearing societies
-control of "open range"
-Causes: disputes over...
-->water rights
-->grazing rights
-involve farmers and ranchers

Front 17

"Buffalo Bill" Cody

Back 17

-soldier
-bison hunter
-showman
-service in US Army as scout
-famous for shows with cowboy themes
-toured in Europe and US

Front 18

Annie Oakley

Back 18

-Buffalo Bill's WIld West Show
-star attraction
-17 years

Front 19

"Calamity" Jane

Back 19

-US frontierswoman
-skill at shooting and riding
-dressed as man
-->wild behavior
-->heavy drinking
-Buffalo Bill's Wil West Show

Front 20

Tombstone, AZ

Back 20

-western city founded in 1879 by Ed Schiefflin
-one of last wide-open frontier boomtowns in American Old West
-prospered 1877-1890
-silver bullion
-population growth

Front 21

Owen Wister

Back 21

-writer
-"father" of western fiction

Front 22

Frederic Remington

Back 22

-painter, sculptor, writer
-painted scenes of American West
-->"cavalry charge on the Southern Plains" (1907)
-structures
-->"Bronco BUster" (1895)
-->"Comin' Through the Rye" (1902)
-wrote "The Way of an Indian" (1906)

Front 23

"Concentration" policy

Back 23

-reservations policy
-white demand access to lands
-Indian Territory
-separate tribes

Front 24

Sand Creek Massacre

Back 24

1864
-atrocity in Indian Wars
-700-man force of Colorado Territory militia
-destroy peaceful village of Cheyenne and Arapaho
-Southeastern Colorado Territory

Front 25

Colonel J. M. Chivington

Back 25

-methodist pastor
-colonel in US Volunteers
-Colorado War
-New Mexico Campaigns of Civil War
-1862 hero following Battle of Glorieta Pass
-->against Confederacy supply train

Front 26

Sitting Bull

Back 26

-Sioux chief
-led Sioux in fight to retain their lands
-->massacre of Lt. Col. Custer and his men at Little Bighorn
-killed by reservation police during Ghost Dance turmoil

Front 27

Crazy Horse

Back 27

-Sioux chief
-leading figure in resistance to white settlement on NA land
-at center of confederation that defeated General Custer at Little Bighorn 1876
-surrendered 1877-->killed in custody

Front 28

Geronimo

Back 28

-Apache chief
-resisted white encroachment on tribal lands in Arizona
-led people in raids on settlers and US troops
-surrendered 1886

Front 29

General George A. Custer

Back 29

-US cavalry officer
-served with distinction during Civil War
-1876-->killed with men in clash with Sioux Indians at Little Bighorn, Montana
-->Custer's Last Stand

Front 30

Battle of Little Bighorn

Back 30

-General Custer and forces defeated by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors
-6/25/1876-->Custer's Last Stand
-valley of Little Bighorn in Montana

Front 31

Chief Joseph

Back 31

-NA chief
-chief of Nez Perce tribe
-->defied efforts of US gov to move his people from Oregon
-captured 1877

Front 32

"Ghost Dance"

Back 32

-NA religious cult
-second half 19th century
-ritual dance
-->drive away white people
-->restore lands and way of life
-advocated by Sioux chief Sitting Bull
-Battle of Wounded Knee

Front 33

Battle of Wounded Knee

Back 33

South Dakota 1890
-last major confrontation between US Army and NA
-village of Wounded Knee
-reservation in SD
-over 150 massacred-->Sioux men, women, children

Front 34

Dawes Severalty Act

Back 34

1887
-authorized US president to survey NA land
-->divide into allotments for individual Indians
-amended 1891
-amended 1906-->Burke Act

Front 35

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Back 35

-agency of fed gov of US
-within US Department of Interior
-administration and management of 55 million acres of land
-->held in trust by US for:
---->NAs in US
---->NA tribes
---->Alaska natives

Front 36

Helen Hunt Jackson

Back 36

-American poet and writer
-activist on behalf of improved treatment of NAs by US gov
-Century of Dishonor (1881)

Front 37

Century of Dishonor

Back 37

-non fiction book
-Helen Hunt Jackson
-published 1881
-experiences of NAs in US
-->injustices

Front 38

Joseph F. Glidden

Back 38

-American farmer
-patented barbed wire
-->altered development of American West

Front 39

sod house

Back 39

-corollary to log cabin
-frontier settlement of Canada and US