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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"irrepressible conflict"
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-argument
-between opposing and enduring forces -US eventually either entirely slaveholding or entirely free-labor |
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"economic determinism"
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-argument
-theory -primacy to economic structure over politics in development of human history -belief that economic laws determine history |
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Morrill Tariff Act
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1861
-high protective -President Buchanan, Democrat -appealed to industrialists and factory workers --> industrial growth --> limited competition from European lower-wage industries |
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Homestead Act
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1862
-Lincoln -anyone who had never taken arms against gov --> 21 years or older/ head of family ---> file application to claim federal land grant |
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Pacific Railway Act
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1862
-acts by Congress -promote construction of transcontinental RR in US -authorizing issuance of gov bonds and grants of land to RR companies |
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Morrill Land Grant College Act
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1862
-US statutes -allowed for creation of land-grant colleges |
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National Bank Acts
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1863 and 1864
-two federal banking acts -established system of national bank for banks -created US National Banking System |
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greenbacks
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-paper currency
-Civil War -2 forms --> Demand Notes and US Notes -not backed by gold or silver --> only credibility of US gov |
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Conscription Act
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1863
-fresh manpower for Union Army -enroll every male citizen -immigrants who filed for citizenship --> ages 20-45 |
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"A rich man's war, but a poor man's fight!"
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-inequality of provision
-draftee could gain exemption --> pay fee of $300 -hire substitute |
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NY Draft Riots
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-violent disturbances
-NYC -culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress --> draft men to fight in Civil War -Lincoln fired divert militia and volunteer troops from following up -Battle of Gettysburg to control city |
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Peace Democrats (Copperheads)
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-vocal group
-Democrats -North -oppose Civil War -want immediate peace settlement with Confederates |
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Clement L. Vallandigham
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-Ohio politician
-leader of Copperheads -2 terms in House of Representatives |
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Ex parte Merriman
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1861
-test authority of president to suspend habeas corpus under Constitution's suspension clause -Chief Taney ruled authority to suspend habeas corpus lay with Congress, not president --> Lincoln ignored ruling |
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Ex parte Milligan
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1866
-ruled that application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts still operating -->unconstitutional -controversial --> one of first cases after end of Civil War |
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Union Party
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1864 presidential election
-Republican Party -attract War Democrats and border state Unionists --> would not vote for Republican -nominated Lincoln and Johnson |
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War Democrats
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-reject Copperheads who controlled party
-demand aggressive policy toward Confederacy -support policies of Republican Lincoln when Civil War broke out -->1860 election |
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General George B. McClellan
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-Democratic presidential nominee 1864
-Governor of NJ -Army of Potomac -briefly general-in-chief of Union Army |
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Confiscation Acts
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1861, 1862
-intend to free slaves still held by Confederate forces in South 1st--> authorized confiscation of Confederate property (slaves) by Union forces 2nd--> any Confederate official, military or civilian, who did not surrender within 60 days --> slaves freed ---> only applicable to Confederate areas occupied by Union Army |
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13th Amendment
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-abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
--> except as punishment for crime -1st of 3 Reconstruction Amendments adopted following Civil War |
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Emancipation Proclamation
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-announcement made by Lincoln
-Civil War -9/22/1862 -emancipating all black slaves in states still engaged in rebellion against Union -declaration turned war into crusade against slavery -signed 1/1/1863 |
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54th Massachusetts Regiment
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-infantry regiment
-extensive serve in Union Army -1st official African American unit in US during Civil War |
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Clara Barton
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-US social activist
-founded American Red Cross -served as its first president --> (1882-1904) |
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National Women's Loyal Legue
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-formed 5/14/1863
-campaign for amendment to US constitution to abolish slavery -organized by Stanton, president -Susan B. Anthony, secretary |
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Matthew Brady
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-bushranger (live far from civilization)
--> Van Dieman's Land -"Gentleman Bushranger" --> good treatment --> find manners when robbing victims bushranger= those who abandoned social rights and privileges to take up "robbery under arms" as a way of life, using the bush as their base |
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Jefferson Davis
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-US politician and president of Confederacy
-US senator from Mississippi (1847-1851) -defender of slavery -soldier and statesman -unable to find strategy to defeat Union -diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition -paid little attention to economy --> paper money --> inflation |
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Alexander H. Stevens
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-American politician
-Georgia -slave owner -VP of Confederacy -US Representative -Governor of Georgia |
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"backcountry" and "upcountry" settlers
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backcountry: rural southerners
upcountry: urban, city southerners |
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Alexander Cartwright
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-father of baseball
-drew diagram of diamond shaped baseball field -developer of rules of modern game -inventor of baseball |
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Committee on the Conduct of War
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-US Congressional investigating Committee created to handle issues surrounding Civil War
-purpose=investigation -->illicit trade with Confederacy -->military contracts -->causes of Union battle losses -endorse: -->emancipation -->use of black soldiers -->appointment of generals known to be aggressive fighters -Radical Republicans--> want more aggressive policies |
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Southern Bread Riots
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1863
-events of civil unrest in Confederacy -women March-April 1863 -cities throughout South -women and men violently invaded and located various shops and stores |
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Mary Boykin Chesnut
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-South Carolina author
-Civil War diary -upper-class circles of Southern planter society |
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U.S.S. Monitor
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-iron-hulled steamship
-first ironclad warship commissioned by US Navy during Civil War -Battle of Hampton Roads --> fought CSS Virginia |
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C.S.S. Merrimac (Virginia)
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-first steamship powered ironclad warship built by Confederate Navy first year of Civil War
-Battle of Hampton Roads |
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William Seward
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-American politician from NY
-under Lincoln and Johnson: -->Governor of NY -->US Senator -->US Secretary of State -opponent of spread of slavery -Republican Party |
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Charles Francis Adams
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-son of John Quincy Adams
-Massachusetts State Senate -->ran unsuccessfully for VP election 1848 -->Free-Soiler -Lincoln's foreign minister in London -->kept Britain neutral -overseer of Harvard -->built library |
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"King Cotton" diplomacy
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-South
-coerce Britain and France to support them -implementing cotton trade embargo against Europe |
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Trent affair
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-international diplomatic incident
-USS San Jacinto, commanded by Wilkes, intercepted Br mail -->removed Mason and Slidell (diplomats) -envoys for Br and Fr for recognition and financial support for Confederacy -Br-->outraged at violation of neutral rights and insult to honor -Br Gov demanded apology and release of prisoners |
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William C. Quantrill
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-Confederacy guerilla leader
-led Confederacy bushwhacker unit along Missouri-Kansas border -early 1860s -->ended up in Kentucky -->mortally wounded in Union ambush -->May 1865, age 27 bushwhacker= form of guerrilla warfare |
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Jayhawks
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Kansas, 1858
-comradeship-->keep Kansas free state -guerilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery Missouri |
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Samuel Colt
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-inventor
-revolver patented 1836, adopted by US Army 1846 -armory at Hartford, CT -->advanced manufacturing techniques -Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company |
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Oliver Winchester
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-American businessman and politician
-manufacturing and marketing -->repeating rifle |
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First Battle of Bull Run
(First Manassas) |
7/21/1861
-Prince William Country, Virginia -first major land battle of Civil War -McDowell-->Union -Beauregard-->Confederacy |
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Anaconda Plan
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-outline strategy for subduing seceding states in Civil War
-proposed by general-in-chief Winfield Scott -blockade of Southern ports -advance down Mississippi River to cut South in two |
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Admiral David G. Farragut
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-flag officer of US Navy
-first rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral -order at Battle of Mobil Bay -->"Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" |
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General Robert E. Lee
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-American career military officer
-commanded Confederate Army -Northern Virginia |
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General "Stonewall" Jackson
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-Confederate general
-after Lee -Valley campaign 1862 -corps commander in Army Northern Virginia under Lee -accidentally shot at Battle of Chancellorsville -->survived -->died of pneumonia |
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General Ulysses S. Grant
|
-military commander
-18th president of US -Union Army defeated Confederacy under him -war and secession ended with surrender of Lee at Appomattox |
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Battle of Antietam
aka Battle of Sharpsburg |
1862
-first major battle in Civil War on Union soil -bloodiest single-day battle in American history -27,717 dead, wounded, missing |
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Battle of Gettysburg
|
July 1863
-near town of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania -Union army under Meade repulsed Confederate army of Lee -->forced him to abandon invasion of north |
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General William Tecumseh Sherman
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-American soldier, businessman, educator
-general in Union Army -great military strategy -harsh "scorched earth" policies -->total war against Confederacy |
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Sherman's "March on the Sea"
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-Savanna campaign-->Georgia 1864
-Sherman's troops left captured capital city: Atlanta, Georgia -capture of port of Savannah -forces destroyed: -->military targets -->industry -->infrastructure -->civilian property --->disrupted Southern economy and transportation networks |
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"War is hell!"
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-William Tecumseh Sherman
-address to graduating class of Michigan Military Academy -6/19/1879 |
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Andersonville
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-village of southwestern Georgia
-near Americus -site of large and infamous Confederate prison camp |