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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fasting Blood Glucose levels
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>126 Diabetes
100-125 = Prediabetes <100 = Normal |
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Action: Stimulate pancreas to make insulin
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-SULFONYUREAS: glipizide(Glucatrol), glyburide(Glynase), glimeperide(Amaryl)
MEGLITINIDES: (15-30m ac) repaglinide(Prandin) |
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Action: Increase body's sensitivity to insulin
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THIAZOLIDINEDIONES: rosiglitazone(Avandia), pioglitazone(Actos), --these lower glucose prod., no hypoglyc. SE, incr edema, incr liver impair, SE of DKA
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Action: Shuts off liver's excess glucose production
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BIGUANIDES: metformin(Glucophage), this will lower glucose prod., no hypoglyc. SE, incr edema, incr liver impair, SE of DKA
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Action: Slow absorption of CHO in small intestine
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ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR: acarbose(Precose), miglitol(Glyset), --these known as "starch-blockers"
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Action: Stimulate incretin hormone production
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GLP-1 AGONIST: exenatide(Byetta)
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Action: Mimics Amylin
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pramlintide(Symlin), -primarily for Type 1. Give SQ in the thigh or abdomen, not the arm!
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Rapid-Acting Insulins
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HUMALOG/NOVALOG: clear liquid, MUST inject with a meal-
-ONSET: 15 mins -PEAK: 60-90 mins -DURATION: 3-4 hrs -can be combined with other insulins, given b/t meals |
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Short-Acting Insulins
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"REGULAR INSULIN", HUMULIN R, NOVOLIN R
-clear fluid -injected 30-45mins ac(pt MUST eat) -ONSET: 30-60mins -PEAK: 2-3 hrs -DURATION: 3-6 hrs -only Reg Ins can be given IV -cannot add to it -most common used for sliding scale -can be given SQ or pump |
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Intermediate-Acting Insulins
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NPH, HUMULIN N, NOVULIN N
-cloudy fluid -ONSET: 2-4 hrs -PEAK: 4-10 hrs -DURATION: 10-16 hrs -common use for daily injection maintenance -can combine with other insulins -can come premixed |
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Long-Acting Insulins
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Insulin Glargine(LANTUS), LEVEMIR
-cannot be mixed -ONSET: 1-2 hrs -DURATION: 24 hrs -NO PEAK, CONTINUAL RELEASE -basal insulin |
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Meds that can cause hyperglycemia:
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Thiazide and loop diuretics, corticosteroids, antipsychotics
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Insulin Storage
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refrigerate if unopened, do not freeze, open vials may be stored at room temp if temp under 86 degrees, no exposure to sunlight.
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Insulin Injection 1
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ID patient, don gloves, give SQ at 90 degrees, NO aspirate, NO massage, discard syringe, wash hands, document current BG, insulin type, amt, site injected, if oral agent given, pt teaching.
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Insulin Injection 2
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Use same insulin type and brand consistently with same pt. Preferred site is abdomen, then arm, thigh, buttocks. Do not inject in site to be exercised.
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