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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vedic culture
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Indian culture that came before Buddhism
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Two main rivers in India
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Indus and Ganges
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Rasa
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Viewer response theory of art (predominent by 9th century)
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Shilpa Shastras
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ancient art text provide formulas to construct human form
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3 main deities of Hinduism
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Vishnu, Shiva and Devi/Shakti
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Avatar
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Incarnation of deva (god)
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Two of the most popular avatars of Vishnu
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Rama (7th avatar) and Krishna (8th avatar)
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Upanishad
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sacred Hindu texts of philosophical nature
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Samsara
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reincarnation
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Karman
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karma
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Naga
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two (male, female) fish, snake, human
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Ancient theory (Theory of Rasa)
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“best/finest part of a thing” enunciated by Bharata on dance and theater
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Aestetic context (Theory of Rasa)
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state of heightened awareness evoked by contemplation of work or art, drama, poetry, music or dance
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Indus Civilization
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- discovered (1865) during building of railroad connect Karchi to Lahose
- Excavated in early 1920s - Proto-historic, urban culture |
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Mohenjodaro’s Great Bath
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waterproof (bricks) and for ritual bathing (priests, elite class)
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Vedic Culture 1900-1600 BC
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Spoken Sanskrit
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Rigveda
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1st of 4 vedas consisted 10 books of hymns in praise of deitic
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The three gods of the Vedic cultures
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o Indra, god of war (holding a vajra)
o Agni, god of fire o Surya, the sun god |
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Religions that were found in Vedic Culture
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Jainisim and Buddhism
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When did active building of Hindu temples start?
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Gupta period
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Sactum Sanctorum
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Or the womb house: hidden, secret and dark
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Sikhara
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Tower of the temple
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Puja
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ritual worship
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Concept of darshan (sacred object) in Hindu
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- Concept of seeing
- Practice and worship |
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What are the Hindu temple's outline based on?
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Based on mandala/geometric map of cosmos
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What are the two phases in construction of a Hindu temple?
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1. Experimental period – from 5th – 8th century, characterized by rock-cut temples
2. Period of consolidation, 8th – 18th century, narrative art gave way to cult icon |
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What is the North Hindu Temples called?
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Nagara
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What are the South Hindu Temples called?
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Dravida
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Which god is the Hindu temple, Elephanta, worshipping?
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Shiva
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Is Elephanta temple iconic or uniconic?
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Uniconic
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Iconic
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Deities shaped in human form
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Is Elephanta temple moving counterclockwise or clockwise (unmanifest to manifest, manifest to unmanifest)
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Unmanifest to manifest, counterclockwise
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Mammallapuram, sculpted cliff is a descent of the _ _ _ _ _ _
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Known as descent of the Ganges
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Is Mammallapuram a North temple or a South temple?
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South temple (Pallava Dynasty)
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What are the key characteristics Mamallapuram have?
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- Nagas
- Water would run down the cliff - Ascentic cat, key to represent the origin of Ganges |
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Who is Ravana?
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Demon king, the enemy of Shiva
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What is the "under the mountain" in Mt. Kailasa a carving of?
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Shiva's foot taming Ravana. Symbolizing the power of Shiva.
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What is an example of the lost wax process of the Bronze sculpture?
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Dancing Shiva or Nataraja bronze
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Which countries are in the division of Maritime region?
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Maritime region: Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesian, and Philippines
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Which countries are in the division of Mainland?
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Mainland: Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia
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Which two countries in SE Asia shows the most characteristics of Hindu art?
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Vietnam and Cambodia
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Hoabhinian Mesolithic
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hunting and gathering culture: rock shelters, flaked stone tools
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Neolithic technology
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developed between 4000 and 1000 BCE parts of mainland SE Asia: pottery, shell, ornaments
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When did the Bronze Age begin in SE Asia?
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began in Thailand soon after 1500 BCE: axes, arrowheads, ornaments
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When did Iron come to use?
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Late Bronze Age
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What is the site in Thailand that is known for the Bronze age?
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Ban Chiang
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What did they find in the Ban Chiang site?
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Painted funerary bronze vessel
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What is the one site in Vietnam that is known for the Bronze Age?
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Dong Son
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What did they find at the Dong Son site?
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Bronze Dong Son drum, found the ritual drums
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Mount Meru
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idea of the cosmic mountain resonated w/ beliefs in mountains and hills as the homes of the spirits
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What are the earliest architectural remains of Hinduism in SE Asia?
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tower shrines or sactuary tower, usually built on hilltops
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What is the site in Vietnam that consist of Hindu Art?
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My Son site, center of Hindu worship since 4th century
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Where was the concept devaraja shown in?
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Cambodia, devaraja (god king),in whom temporal and spiritual authority were fused
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What are the 3 periods of Cambodian art?
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early Khmer (pre-Angkor: 6th – 9th century)
first Angkor style (9th – 11th century) second style of Angkor (11th- 13th century) |
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Angkor smile
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shown in many Cambodian art in the facial characteristics
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Goddess Lakshmi (sri):
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One of Vishnu's wife
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Garuda
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large mythical bird, deity very popular in SE Asia
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Angkor Wat
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by Suryaarman II in 12th century, prime/largest example in Cambodia of “temple-mountain”
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Who created the city of Angkor Thom (great royal city)?
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Suryaarman II, centered on his Buddhist temple-mountain, Bayon temple
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