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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is political theory?
Political theory or philosophy is the study of questions about the city, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority:
Three central concerns of political philosophy are?
The political economy by which property rights are defined and access to capital is regulated; The demands of justice in distribution and punishment; The rules of truth and evidence that determine judgments in the law.
The British philosopher-anthropologist Ernest Gellner considered Ibn Khaldun's definition of government to be?
An institution which prevents injustice other than such as it commits itself.
State is:
A set of enduring institutions through which power is distributed and its use justified.
Government is:
A specific group of people who occupy the institutions of the state, and create the laws and ordinances by which the people, themselves included, are bound.
Political science:
Seeks agreement
Argues premise with facts, empirical evidence
"Modern"
Political philosophy seeks:
the best.
Argues premise with focus on norms, morals, values.
"Ancient"
Power:
The ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first person's intentions.
Authority
The right to use power.
Democracy:
The rule of many.
Direct/ Participatory democracy:
Citizen participation in government procedures, whether by holding office, or making policy.
Representative democracy
Leaders compete for the votes of citizens to gain the authority to hold office and make policy.
Who Governs?
Marxists:
Those who control the economic system control the political one.
Who Governs?
The Elitists:
A few top leaders, not all of them drawn from business, make the key decisions without reference to popular desires.
Who Governs?
The Bureaucratic:
Appointed civil servants/admin run things by enforcing/enacting the policy/issue in certain ways.
Who Governs?
The Pluralist:
Competition among affected interests shape policy.
People create government because:
To resolve conflicts.
To protect the weak.
To set rules for behavior.
The core role of government is:
To maintain order.
To provide for national defense.
To promote general welfare.
Anarchy:
The condition of having no laws, and no government.
Monarchy:
Governance of a hereditary, unelected leader, often based on perceived divine law.
Oligarchy:
Government is a small, elite, group.
Pluralism:
A society in which autonomous groups seek political power in order to achieve their goals.
Political culture:
Shared beliefs and values and expectations about the process of government and society.
Communism:
Belief that the state should make both political and economical decisions.
Socialism:
Belief that the public has political say, but that the state should make economic decisions.
State Capitalism:
The state makes political decisions, while the market drives the economy.
Market Democracy:
The public believes they should influence politics through control of the government, and the market drives the economy.
5 core beliefs of Americans are:
Liberty, equality, democracy, capitalism, and religious faith.
Theocracy
A government structure in which religious leaders establish the rules based on their interpretations of religious doctrine.
(Early American) Federalists:
Desired a strong central government, with minimal roles for citizens.
(Early American) Republicans:
Desired a weaker federal government,with the state having powers, with citizens playing roles in state government.
Federalism
A structure of government that shares and divides power between national governments, and state governments.