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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is political theory?
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Political theory or philosophy is the study of questions about the city, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority:
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Three central concerns of political philosophy are?
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The political economy by which property rights are defined and access to capital is regulated; The demands of justice in distribution and punishment; The rules of truth and evidence that determine judgments in the law.
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The British philosopher-anthropologist Ernest Gellner considered Ibn Khaldun's definition of government to be?
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An institution which prevents injustice other than such as it commits itself.
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State is:
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A set of enduring institutions through which power is distributed and its use justified.
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Government is:
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A specific group of people who occupy the institutions of the state, and create the laws and ordinances by which the people, themselves included, are bound.
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Political science:
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Seeks agreement
Argues premise with facts, empirical evidence "Modern" |
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Political philosophy seeks:
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the best.
Argues premise with focus on norms, morals, values. "Ancient" |
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Power:
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The ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first person's intentions.
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Authority
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The right to use power.
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Democracy:
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The rule of many.
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Direct/ Participatory democracy:
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Citizen participation in government procedures, whether by holding office, or making policy.
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Representative democracy
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Leaders compete for the votes of citizens to gain the authority to hold office and make policy.
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Who Governs?
Marxists: |
Those who control the economic system control the political one.
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Who Governs?
The Elitists: |
A few top leaders, not all of them drawn from business, make the key decisions without reference to popular desires.
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Who Governs?
The Bureaucratic: |
Appointed civil servants/admin run things by enforcing/enacting the policy/issue in certain ways.
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Who Governs?
The Pluralist: |
Competition among affected interests shape policy.
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People create government because:
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To resolve conflicts.
To protect the weak. To set rules for behavior. |
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The core role of government is:
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To maintain order.
To provide for national defense. To promote general welfare. |
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Anarchy:
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The condition of having no laws, and no government.
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Monarchy:
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Governance of a hereditary, unelected leader, often based on perceived divine law.
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Oligarchy:
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Government is a small, elite, group.
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Pluralism:
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A society in which autonomous groups seek political power in order to achieve their goals.
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Political culture:
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Shared beliefs and values and expectations about the process of government and society.
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Communism:
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Belief that the state should make both political and economical decisions.
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Socialism:
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Belief that the public has political say, but that the state should make economic decisions.
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State Capitalism:
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The state makes political decisions, while the market drives the economy.
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Market Democracy:
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The public believes they should influence politics through control of the government, and the market drives the economy.
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5 core beliefs of Americans are:
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Liberty, equality, democracy, capitalism, and religious faith.
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Theocracy
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A government structure in which religious leaders establish the rules based on their interpretations of religious doctrine.
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(Early American) Federalists:
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Desired a strong central government, with minimal roles for citizens.
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(Early American) Republicans:
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Desired a weaker federal government,with the state having powers, with citizens playing roles in state government.
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Federalism
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A structure of government that shares and divides power between national governments, and state governments.
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